新疆不同规模经营主体耕地效益研究

Benefit Study of the Cultivated Land of Different Scale Management Subjects in Xinjiang

【目的/意义】了解新疆不同规模农户耕地的经济效益,有助于推进土地适度规模经营,提升新疆农业竞争力。【方法/过程】以新疆11个地区为研究对象,运用逐步回归的方法验证了不同土地流转情况、不同种植规模对单位耕地经济效益的影响。【结果/结论】研究表明:(1)从土地流转情况看,有土地流入的农户单位耕地效益高于没有土地流入的农户;(2)从土地种植规模看,中等规模农户(3.3~6 hm^(2))单位耕地的效益最高,其次为大规模农户(>6 hm^(2))和中小规模农户(1~3.3 hm^(2)),小规模农户(≤1 hm^(2))的单位耕地经济效益最低;(3)从不同土地流转情况、不同种植规模看,无土地流入的情况下大规模农户单位耕地的经济效益最高,有土地流入的情况下中等规模农户的单位效益更高。基于此,建议加快推进新疆土地流转规模,提升农业规模效益;加强农业技术推广和服务的力度,提升农户的种植和管理水平;注意适度规模经营问题,使耕地达到最大的规模效益。

【Objective/Meaning】Understanding the economic benefits of cultivated land for different scale peasant households in Xinjiang was helpful to promote the moderate scale management of land and enhance the agricultural competitiveness of Xinjiang.【Methods/Procedures】By taking 11 regions of Xinjiang as the research object,the stepwise regression method was used to verify the effects of different land circulation situations and different planting scales on the economic benefits per unit cultivated land.【Results/Conclusions】The research showed that:(1) From the perspective of land circulation,the peasant households with land inflow had higher benefit per unit cultivated land than the peasant households without land inflow.(2) From the perspective of land planting scale,the medium-scale peasant households (3.3~6 hm^(2)) had the highest benefit per unit cultivated land,followed by the large-scale peasant households (>6 hm^(2)) and the small-to-medium-scale peasant households (1~3.3 hm^(2)),while the small-scale peasant households (≤1 hm^(2)) had the lowest benefit per unit cultivated land.(3) From the perspective of different land circulation situations and different planting scales,the large-scale peasant households had the highest economic benefit per unit cultivated land under the condition of no land inflow,while the medium-scale peasant households had higher economic benefit per unit cultivated land under the condition of land inflow.Based on this,it was suggested to accelerate the scale of land circulation in Xinjiang to improve the agricultural scale efficiency;strengthen the extension and service of agricultural technology to improve the planting and management level of farmers;pay attention to the problem of moderate scale management,so as to achieve the maximum scale efficiency of cultivated land.