立足国内大循环,推进高水平对外开放——基于全球价值链位置视角的研究

Based on the Domestic Circulation and Promoting High-standard Opening Up——A Study from the Perspective of Global Value Chain Position

党的二十大报告提出,要依托我国超大规模市场优势,以国内大循环吸引全球资源要素,提高对外开放水平。本文基于中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库、世界投入产出数据库以及省级数据展开研究,通过构建国内大循环指数,计算制造业出口企业全球价值链位置以衡量高水平对外开放,考察国内大循环对其的影响。研究结果表明,发展国内大循环能显著促进制造业出口企业全球价值链位置的提升。异质性分析表明,国内大循环对外资企业以及一般贸易企业的促进效应更大,在东部地区的促进效应更强。机制分析表明,高等教育人才比重存在正向中介效应,但制度质量存在负向中介效应。本研究结论为加速推进“双循环”新发展格局的形成,充分发挥两个市场两种资源的联动作用以及国际循环的赋能作用,通过国内大循环吸收全球优质资源,推动高水平对外开放建设提供政策参考。

The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes that China will leverage the strengths of its enormous market,attract global resources and production factors with the strong domestic circulation and improve the standard of opening up.Based on Chinese industrial enterprise data,Chinese customs data,world input-output data and provincial data,this paper constructs a domestic circulation index and calculates the global value chain position of manufacturing export enterprises which measures high-standard opening up,and explores the effect of the domestic circulation on high-standard opening up.The results show that the development of the domestic circulation significantly improves the global value chain position of manufacturing export enterprises.The heterogeneous analysis shows that the domestic circulation has greater positive effect on foreign-invested enterprises and ordinary trade enterprises,and that the positive effect in the eastern region is stronger.The mechanism analysis indicates that the proportion of higher educated people has a positive mediating effect,while the institutional quality has a negative mediating effect.Our conclusions provide policy suggestions for accelerating the formation of the“dual circulation”new development pattern,amplifying the interplay between domestic and international markets and resources and the effect of international circulation empowerment,attracting global high-quality resources with the domestic circulation and promoting high-standard opening up.