中国农业现代化:时代背景、目标定位与策略选择

Agricultural Modernization in China:Development Context,Goal Setting and Strategic Options

农业现代化是中国式现代化的重要内容和战略基点。然而,以人多地少为特点的资源禀赋、以小农户为主体的农业经营格局,加之充满不确定性的国际关系与贸易格局,构成了中国农业现代化的多维挑战。中国必须立足国情农情,在尊重农业产业特性与乡村地域特征的基础上,以保供给、提质量、促增收、强科技、增绿色为主要目标,通过农业分工与专业化发展,发展以服务托管为核心的农业服务规模化经营,走中国特色的“服务型农业”道路,推动农业发展从破解规模约束到促进分工深化的基要性变革。这一变革的核心策略在于以县域城乡融合发展为载体,构建现代农业经营体系,促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接。

Agricultural modernization is an important component of and key fulcrum to realize Chinese modernization.However,China’s agricultural modernization faces multi-dimensional challenges due to its resource endowments characterized by large population and limited farmland,the agricultural management pattern dominated by small households,and the uncertainties of international relations and trade pattern.Therefore,China must,based on its national conditions and agricultural conditions,respect the particulars of agricultural industry and rural areas,and pursue the main goals of ensuring supply,improving quality,promoting income,strengthening R&D,and implementing green production.It also needs to develop agricultural service scale operation through agricultural division of labor and specialized operation with the highlight of agricultural trusteeship,and take the road of“service-oriented agriculture”with Chinese characteristics,so as to promote the fundamental change of agricultural development from breaking the scale constraint to promoting the deepening of division of labor.The core strategies lie in building a modern agricultural management system based on the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the county,and promoting the inherent connection between small farmers and modern agriculture.