云南省饲用原料玉米霉菌毒素污染情况调查分析

Investigation analysis of mycotoxin contamination in maize

[目的]了解2020年云南省不同规模饲料企业玉米霉菌毒素污染情况及不同季节不同来源玉米霉菌毒素污染规律。[方法]设计关于饲料企业玉米霉变情况、处理措施的问卷,并就调查目的、方法、指标等进行培训,发放调查问卷120份,对收回的调查问卷进行认真审核。[结果]饲料企业收购的玉米霉菌毒素检出率为79.25%,黄曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素及玉米赤霉烯酮的检出率分别为49.06%、38.68%和10.38%,霉菌毒素污染率偏高,多种霉菌毒素共存现象比较严重;不同季节收购的原料玉米霉菌毒素污染程度不同,霉菌毒素检出率最高的是7-9月份,不同来源玉米霉菌毒素污染率大致一样。[结论]2020年与往年相比玉米霉菌污染情况基本没有减轻,这对饲料企业、养殖户来说都是十分不利的,饲料企业应加强防控,采取有效措施,防止玉米霉变,不让霉变玉米流入饲料中。

[Objectives]To understand the contamination status of maize mycotoxins in feed enterprises of different sizes in Yunnan Province in 2020 and the contamination rule of maize mycotoxins from different sources in different seasons.[Methods]Designed the content of the questionnaire about the situation of maize mildew and treatment measures in feed enterprises,and conducted training on the purpose,method and index of the investigation,distributed 120 questionnaires,and carefully reviewed the recovered questionnaires.[Results]The detection rate of mycotoxin was 79.25%,and the detection rates of aflatoxin,emesis toxin and zearalenone were 49.06%,38.68%and 10.38%,respectively.The mycotoxin contamination rate was high,and the coexistence of multiple mycotoxins was serious.The mycotoxin contamination degree of raw corn was different in different seasons.The highest mycotoxin detection rate was from July to September.The mycotoxin contamination rate of corn from different sources was roughly the same.[Conclusions]In 2020,compared with the previous years,the corn mold pollution situation has not been alleviated,which makes very difficult to feed enterprises and farmers.Therefore,to prevent and control measures of corn mildew,awareness creation and strengthen on enterprises should be done.