口述记忆中的性别因素与社会力:兼评女性口述史

Gender and Social Force in Oral History:Comments on Women’s Oral History

女性主义和口述史有一定的亲缘关系。口述史的特质可以凸显女性主体存在的意义和价值;女性主义者借助口述史方法,可以更深入探究女性的生活和经验。女性口述史实践构成口述史的一个重要组成部分,无疑可以丰富口述史的内容和层次,甚至可以推动口述史事业的发展,但很难说存在方法论意义上的女性口述史。不能否认女性主义强调的性别视角之重要意义,但在分析女性的生存处境时,它不是唯一重要的因素。女性生存处境还受到除了性别观外的其他社会因素影响,例如嫁给当地农民的女知青口述中的婚姻解组,与其说是受机械的平等观和传统性别观的影响,不如说是农民和女知青在价值观方面的巨大差异导致的。在性别实践中,重视女性口述史背后的“整全性”社会力十分必要。

Feminism and oral history have innate relationships because oral history can help present the value and importance of women’s existence.Using oral history,feminists have developed in-depth investigation in women’s lives and experiences.Women’s oral history is an essential part of oral history,not only providing rich contents and layers but also moving it forward.However,it is difficult to decide if women’s oral history has distinct methodology.Undeniably,gender perspective is an important feminist invention,although it cannot be the only factor affecting women’s existence.To fully capture women’s existence,it iscrucial to propose a comprehensive intersectional perspective to understand social factors other than gender affecting women’s lives.For example,when female urban youth who were sent down to the countryside and married local men described their divorces,their narratives were not entirely influenced by the traditional gendered values or mechanical aspiration for equality,but the differences in values between female urban youth and rural men.It is important to pay attention to the influences of social force behind these women’s narratives.