根茎类中药材干燥技术与装备研究进展

Research progress on drying technology and equipment of Rhizome Traditional Chinese Medicines

为阐明目前不同干燥技术及干燥条件对根茎类中药材干燥特性与品质的影响,收集国内外相关研究资料,分析不同干燥技术的干后品质、干燥特性及干燥过程中的湿热传递机理,对不同干燥装备的运行原理及其在实际应用中对中药材品质特性与干燥特性的影响进行阐述,总结了根茎类中药材干燥目前存在的制约因素。结果表明:1)热风干燥技术操作方便,成本较低,是目前根茎类中药材产地主要干燥方式,但现代干燥技术在提高干燥效率与干后品质方面更为突出;2)联合干燥技术优势互补的特点可有效改善因物料内部水分扩散导致的干燥不均等问题,但目前干燥设备在实现机械化应用方面仍不够成熟;3)根茎类中药材干燥动力学机理研究已趋于成熟,进一步探究干燥过程中品质变化机理,丰富干燥基础理论研究是发展趋势之一;4)结合不同地区环境特点与根茎类中药材生产特点,设计节能环保、大型化、智能操控一体化干燥设备是发展趋势之二。

In order to elucidate the effects of different drying techniques and conditions on the drying characteristics and quality of rhizome Chinese medicinal materials,this study collected relevant research data published at home and aboard,compared the quality after drying,analysis of drying quality,drying characteristics and heat and humidity transfer mechanism of different drying techniques.The operation principle of different drying equipment and its influence on the quality characteristics and drying characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials in practical application were expounded,and the current restrictive factors in drying of rhizome Chinese medicinal materials are summarized.The results show that:1)Hot air drying technology is the main drying method of rhizome Chinese medicinal materials due to its convenient operation and low cost,but modern drying technology is more prominent in improving drying efficiency and quality after drying.2)The complementary advantages of combined drying technology effectively improves the drying inequality caused by moisture diffusion in the material,but the relevant drying equipment in the realization of mechanized application is still not mature enough;3)The research on drying kinetics mechanism of rhizome Chinese medicinal materials has become mature,One of the development trends is to further explore the quality change mechanism in the drying process and enrich the basic theoretical research of drying;4)The design of energy saving and environmental protection,large-scale,intelligent control integrated drying equipment is also the development trend combined with the environmental characteristics of different regions and the production characteristics of rhizome traditional Chinese medicine.