不同地方鸡品种肉品质的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Chicken Quality among Different Local Chicken Breeds

为了研究各地方鸡肉品质差异,选取泰和丝羽乌骨鸡、文昌鸡、北京油鸡、河南斗鸡、茶花鸡作为试验鸡分别饲养至17周龄时,每个品种选取接近平均体重的30只鸡进行屠宰,屠宰后迅速取两侧胸肌,用于常规肉品质、肌内脂肪以及氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的测定。结果表明,文昌鸡鸡肉失水率显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。北京油鸡鸡肉的剪切力显著高于泰和丝羽乌骨鸡、文昌鸡、茶花鸡(P<0.05)。文昌鸡鸡肉肌内脂肪含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。泰和丝羽乌骨鸡鸡肉必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。泰和丝羽乌骨鸡鸡肉中苏氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸的滋味活性值(TAV)均大于1,且均大于其他品种。文昌鸡鸡肉的苏氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸TAV值大于1。文昌鸡鸡肉内饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。泰和丝羽乌骨鸡鸡肉内不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。由此可见,泰和丝羽乌骨鸡鸡肉失水率和脂肪含量低,氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量高,肉品质优于其他品种。

In order to study the quality differences of chicken among different local chicken breeds,Taihe Silky-feather Black-bone Chicken,Wenchang Chicken,Beijing You Chicken,Henan Gamecock,Chahua Chicken were selected and fed till 17-week-age.30 chicken with the body weight close to the average body weight were selected from each breed and slaughtered.After slaughtering,the breast muscles on both sides were quickly taken for the determination of routine meat quality,the contents of intramuscular fat,amino acids and fatty acids.The results showed that the water loss rate of Wenchang chicken was significantly higher than that of other local breeds(P<0.05).The shear force of Beijing You Chicken was significantly higher than that of Taihe Silky-feather Black-bone Chicken,Wenchang Chicken and Chahua Chicken(P<0.05).The intramuscular fat content in Wenchang Chicken was significantly higher than that of other local breeds(P<0.05).The contents of essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids,total amino acids,sweet amino acids and umami amino acids in Taihe Silky-feather Black-bone Chicken were significantly higher than those in other local breeds(P<0.05).The taste active values(TAV)of threonine,leucine,arginine,histidine,aspartic acid,serine and glycine in Taihe Silky-feather Black-bone Chicken were all higher than 1,which were higher than those in other local breeds.TAV of threonine,leucine,arginine and serine in Wenchang Chicken were higher than 1.The content of saturated fatty acids in Wenchang Chicken was significantly higher than that in other local breeds(P<0.05).The content of unsaturated fatty acids in Taihe Silky-feather Black-bone Chicken was significantly higher than that in other local breeds(P<0.05).Therefore,Taihe Silky-feather Black-bone Chicken had the advantages of low water loss rate,low fat content,high contents of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids,its meat quality was better than other local breeds.