2019—2021年甘肃省永靖县学生常见病监测分析

Analysis of common diseases surveillance in students in Yongjing county of Gansu province from 2019 to 2021

目的 了解2019—2021年甘肃省临夏州永靖县学生常见病患病情况,为采取科学的预防控制措施提供理论依据。方法 对甘肃省临夏州永靖县学生开展视力不良、龋齿、肥胖、血压偏高和脊柱弯曲异常等学生常见病的筛查,采用描述流行病学分析学生常见疾病的患病状况。结果 2019—2021年共监测学生5 974人,年龄6~21岁,其中男生3 030人、女生2 944人,男女性别比为1∶0.97;学生常见病的检出率由高到低依次为视力不良(68.3%)、龋齿(68.0%)、高血压前期(15.4%)、肥胖(11.9%)、营养不良(8.9%)和脊柱弯曲异常(0.4%),营养不良(χ^(2)=22.884)、肥胖(χ^(2)=63.994)、龋齿(χ^(2)=420.117)、视力不良(χ^(2)=729.220)、高血压前期(χ^(2)=59.450)和脊柱弯曲异常(χ^(2)=33.209)的检出率不同年龄组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。营养不良(χ^(2)=4.233)和肥胖(χ^(2)=32.546)的检出率男生均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),龋齿(χ^(2)=71.819)和视力不良(χ^(2)=71.308)的检出率女生均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);检出率肥胖(χ^(2)=41.706)、龋齿(χ^(2)=280.240)、视力不良(χ^(2)=584.736)、高血压前期(χ^(2)=17.459)和脊柱弯曲异常(χ^(2)=21.106)不同学段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脊柱弯曲异常检出率初中生最高,主要分布在11~17岁。女生营养不良检出率随学段增加而呈降低趋势(趋势χ^(2)=27.726,P<0.001)。结论 视力不良和龋齿等学生常见病检出率较高,肥胖和营养不良并存,不同常见病性别和学段间差异明显;当地疾病预防控制部门和学校应明确各自职责与任务,同心协力,将中小学生慢性病防治、健康教育等工作纳入年度工作计划,建立起上下贯通、各司其职、协调联动的慢性病防治网络和工作队伍。

Objective To understand the prevalence of common diseases in the students in Yongjing county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu province from 2019 to 2021, so as to provide theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control measures. Methods The common diseases of poor vision, dental caries, obesity, prehypertension and abnormal spinal curvature were screened in the students in Yongjing county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu province, and the disease status of common diseases in the students were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method. Results Totally 5 974 students aged from 6 to 21 years were screened from 2019 to 2021, with 3 030 males and 2 944 females. The ratio of the male to the female was 1:0.97. The detection rates of common diseases among students in descending order were poor vision(68.3%),dental caries(68.0%), prehypertension(15.4%), obesity(11.9%), malnutrition(8.9%) and abnormal spinal curvature(0.4%).The difference of detection rates of malnutrition(χ^(2)=22.884), obesity(χ^(2)=63.994), dental caries(χ^(2)=420.117), poor vision(χ^(2)=729.220), prehypertension(χ^(2)=59.450) and abnormal spinal curvature(χ^(2)=33.209) were statistically significant in different age groups(P<0.05). The detection rates of malnutrition(χ^(2)=4.233) and obesity(χ^(2)=32.546) were higher in boys than in girls(P<0.05), and the rates of dental caries(χ^(2)=71.819) and poor vision(χ^(2)=71.308) were higher in girls than in boys(P<0.05). The detection rates of obesity(χ^(2)=41.706), dental caries(χ^(2)=280.240), poor visual acuity(χ^(2)=584.736),prehypertension(χ^(2)=17.459) and abnormal spinal curvature(χ^(2)=21.106) of the students in different phases of studying were statistically significant(P<0.05). The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature was highest in the junior high school students aged 11-17 years. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in girls decreased with the increase of school stage(trend χ^(2)=27.726, P<0.001). Conclusions The detection rate of common diseases such as poor vision and dental caries was high. The obesity and malnutrition coexisted, and differences of different common disease are significant. The local disease control and prevention institute and schools need to clarify their respective responsibilities and tasks for working together to bring chronic disease prevention among primary and middle school students and health education into their annual work plans. A network and work team for chronic disease prevention and control which can connect from top to bottom, perform its own duties and implement coordination and linkage.