城镇居民生活弹性用水测算与节水潜力分析

Calculation of flexible water consumption and analysis of water-saving potential of urban residents

近年来随着城镇人口的快速增长和生活水平的提升,我国城镇居民生活用水呈现显著增加趋势。居民生活用水用户分散,又与居民生活品质保障密切相关,因此居民生活节水既是重点也是难点。文中基于4271份居民生活用水调查问卷,分析了不同属性的影响要素对居民生活用水的影响,进而界定了居民生活弹性用水的概念,建立了弹性用水占比测算方法,测算了不同节水情境下的弹性用水占比。结果表明:在现状节水情境下,2020年我国城镇居民生活用水的弹性占比为17%,分用水环节来看,烹饪、洗浴、洗衣、冲厕用水弹性占比均在20%以上;在用水器具实现Ⅰ级水效全覆盖的节水情境下,我国城镇居民生活用水弹性占比可降低到9%,全国居民生活用水总量可减少20亿m^(3)。基于计算结果,文中进一步提出了居民生活节水关键环节与主要路径,研究结论可为新时期居民生活节水工作提供指导和依据。

In recent years,with the rapid growth of urban population and the improvement of living standard,the domestic water consumption of urban residents in China presents a significant increase trend.Residential water users are scattered,and it is closely related to the guarantee of residents’quality of life,so residential water saving is both key and difficult.Based on 4271 residential water consumption questionnaires,we analyzed the impact of factors with different attributes on residential water consumption,defined the concept of residential flexible water consumption,established the flexible water consumption ratio calculation method,and estimated the flexible water consumption ratio under different water-saving scenarios.The results show that under the current water-saving situation,the proportion of elasticity of domestic water use for urban residents in China in 2020 is 17%.In terms of water use type,the elasticity of water for cooking,bathing,laundry and toilet flushing is more than 20%.In the water-saving scenario where water appliances achieve full coverage of gradeⅠwater efficiency,the elasticity ratio of domestic water use for urban residents in China can be reduced to 9%,and the total domestic water consumption of national residents can be reduced by 2 billion m^(3).Based on the calculation results,the key links and main paths for residents to save water in daily life are put forward,and the research conclusions can provide guidance and basis for residents’water-saving work in the new era.