基于AHP法的太原城郊森林公园视觉景观质量评价

Visual landscape quality evaluation of suburban forest parks in Taiyuan based on the AHP method

【目的】视觉景观质量是体现森林公园独特性与艺术性的关键所在。运用AHP法对森林公园视觉景观质量进行评价,为合理布局、规划森林公园提供科学依据。【方法】采用实地调查记录为主、文献查阅为辅的方法,围绕太原城郊五龙森林公园、狼坡生态景区与玉泉山森林公园,从自然生态景观、园林美学价值、文化蕴含和基础设施建设4个方面系统建立了太原城郊森林公园视觉景观质量评价指标体系,并运用AHP法展开综合评价。【结果】1)从自然生态景观(B_(1))、园林美学价值(B_(2))、文化蕴含(B_(3))与基础设施建设(B_(4))共4个方面进行评价,权重大小依次为B_(1)>B_(2)>B_(3)>B_(4),表明自然生态景观最为重要,园林美学价值也需优先考虑;进一步分析发现,自然生态景观中植被覆盖率(C_(1))与景观时序性(C_(3))的权重最大,园林美学价值中的景观类型丰富度(C_(7))与景观色彩多样性(C_(1)2)的权重最大;2)五龙森林公园视觉景观指标权重排序为B_(1)>B_(2)>B_(4)>B_(3);狼坡森林公园视觉景观指标权重排序为B_(1)>B_(3)>B_(2)>B_(4);玉泉山森林公园视觉景观指标权重排序为B_(2)>B_(1)>B_(3)>B_(4);3)依据评价结果,针对太原城郊森林公园视觉景观提出自然生态、美学设计、文化凸显与基建分布四方面目标,提供多样化自然生态塑造、合理化景观规划布局与差异化有限绿地筹划3个设计建议。【结论】运用AHP法对太原城郊森林公园视觉景观进行评价,提出园区视觉景观规划与设计建议,为太原城郊森林公园视觉景观布局、绿色可持续发展提供科学依据。

【Objective】Visual landscape quality is the key to embodying the uniqueness and artistry of forest parks,and it is also the characteristic expression of internal layout.The AHP method is used to evaluate the visual quality of suburban forest parks,so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable layout and planning of forest parks.【Method】By using the method of on-the-spot investigation records as the main method,and literature review as the supplement,focusing on Wulong Forest Park,Langpo ecological scenic spot and Yuquan Mountain Forest Park,the visual landscape quality evaluation index system of suburban forest parks in Taiyuan was established from four aspects,including natural ecological landscape,garden aesthetic value,cultural connotation and infrastructure construction.Meanwhile,the AHP method was used to carry out the comprehensive evaluation.【Result】1)From the four aspects of natural ecological landscape(B_(1)),garden aesthetic value(B_(2)),cultural implication(B_(3))and infrastructure construction(B_(4)),the weight was B_(1)>B_(2)>B_(3)>B_(4),indicating that natural ecological landscape was the most important,and garden aesthetic value also needed to be given priority.Further analysis showed that the weight of vegetation coverage(C_(1))and landscape timing(C_(3))in natural ecological landscape was the largest,and the weight of landscape type richness(C_(7))and landscape color diversity(C_(1)2)in garden aesthetic value was the largest.2)The visual landscape index weight of Wulong Forest Park was in the order of B_(1)>B_(2)>B_(4)>B_(3).The visual landscape index weight of Langpo Forest Park was in the order of B_(1)>B_(3)>B_(2)>B_(4).The visual landscape index weight of Yuquan Mountain Forest Park was in the order of B_(2)>B_(1)>B_(3)>B_(4).3)According to the evaluation results,aiming at the visual landscape of suburban forest parks in Taiyuan,this paper put forward four objectives:natural ecology,aesthetic design,cultural prominence and infrastructure distribution,and provided three design suggestions:diversified natural ecology shaping,rational landscape planning and layout and differentiated limited green space planning.【Conclusion】The AHP method has been used to evaluate the visual landscape of suburban forest parks in Taiyuan,and suggestions on the planning and design of the visual landscape are put forward,which provides a scientific basis for the visual landscape layout and sustainable development of suburban forest parks in Taiyuan.