老年人心理健康问题现状及焦虑抑郁状态影响因素研究进展

Research progress of mental health problems and influencing factors of anxiety and depression in the elderly

老龄化是一种全球趋势,发达国家、发展中国家都已经或正在步入老龄化社会,老年人的心理健康问题也随之趋显,其中焦虑抑郁状态作为一种常见的心理疾病已经在中国乃至全世界影响了很大一部分老年人的生活。但就老年人焦虑抑郁诊疗现状而言,无论国内国外其诊疗现状均未达到理想状态,低就诊率、低有效诊疗率是其目前突出的特点。这些年来国内外对焦虑抑郁相关也进行了一系列的研究,其发现焦虑抑郁的发生与社会、经济、人种、民族、性别、年龄、生活习惯、地域差异等都有一定的关系。焦虑抑郁与躯体疾病存在一定的相关性,二者相互影响,其中以慢性疾病为主,包括心血管系统常见的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血压、心力衰竭;呼吸系统的慢性阻塞性肺疾病、哮喘;内分泌系统的糖尿病等。基于此,本文从国内外老龄化现状、老年人的心理健康问题、国内外老年人焦虑抑郁状态的诊疗现状以及焦虑抑郁状态的相关影响因素进行综述,希望以此引起社会的重视以提高老年人焦虑抑郁的诊疗率。

Ageing is a global trend.Both developed and developing countries have entered or are entering an aging society.With the mental health problems of the elderly have also become apparent.Anxiety and depression as a common mental illness has affected the lives of a large number of elderly people in China and even the world.However,the current situation of the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression in the elderly has not reached the ideal state wherevere at home and abroad,the low treatment rate and low effective treatment rate are its current prominent characteristics.A series of studies on anxiety and depression have been carried out at home and abroad in recent years,which found that the occurrence of anxiety and depression has a certain relationship with society,economy,race,nationality,gender,age,living habits,regional differences,etc.There is a certain correlation between anxiety and depression and physical diseases which interact with each other.And most of them are chronic diseases,including coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,hypertension and heart failure,which are common in the cardiovascular system;chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma of respiratory system;diabetes of endocrine system,etc.In order to attract social attention to improve the diagnosis and treatment rate of anxiety and depression in the elderly,this article reviewed the current situation of aging at home and abroad,the mental health problems of the elderly,the diagnosis and treatment status of anxiety and depression in the elderly at home and abroad,and the relevant influencing factors of anxiety and depression.