轻罪立法背景下犯罪记录封存制度构建

Construction of Criminal Record Sealing System under the Background of Legislation of Minor Crimes

无差别的前科报告终身制使得罪犯在重返社会后依然被贴上“犯罪标签”,影响回归社会。在当前我国刑事立法活动着力于增设“轻罪”的政策背景下,现有的前科报告容易导致犯罪标签泛化,有悖于宽严相济的刑事政策,应当及时构建轻罪的犯罪记录封存制度。当前,应当界定犯罪记录封存范围、明确适用实质要件和形式要件,明确犯罪记录封存的法律效力,建立以司法机关和当事人为主体的二元启动程序,调适其与社区矫正执行中存在的矛盾,从而实现保障社会公共利益和保障公民基本权利的平衡。

Under the influence of the lifelong system of non-discriminatory ex-conviction reporting,offenders are still labeled as"criminals"after reintegration,which affects the quality of reintegration into society.Under the background of China’s criminal legislative activities focusing on the policy of adding"misdemeanors",the existing criminal record reporting system is easy to lead to the generalization of criminal labels,which is contrary to the criminal policy of the co-existence of leniency and severity.Thus,China should establish a criminal record sealing system within the scope of misdemeanors timely.At present,China should define the scope of application of criminal record sealing,clarify applicable substantive and formal standards and the legal effect of criminal record sealing,establish a dual initiation procedure with judicial organs and parties as the main body,and adjust the contradictions between community corrections enforcement and it.In this way,it is possible to balance the public interests of society with the basic rights of citizens.