隔热胶体装药结构的耐热防护与爆炸性能

Thermal Protection and Explosive Performance of Charge Structure with Thermally Insulating Colloid

为了研究高温环境下胶体装药结构的安全防护问题及其爆炸特性变化,设计了由隔热外层、吸热胶体、乳化炸药组成的装药结构,采用物性测定、测温分析、爆炸测试技术(水下爆炸,爆速实验,胶体介质近场爆压测量)及现场实验(殉爆实验,炮孔传爆),分别研究了装药结构中3种胶体配比(高分子吸水树脂(SAP)质量比分别为0,0.5%和1%)与乳化炸药2种敏化方式(亚硝酸钠敏化、膨胀珍珠岩敏化)对隔热特性和爆炸性能的影响。结果表明:含0.5%SAP的胶体材料适用于装药结构,具有阻燃性、高比热容、低导热系数特性,隔热防护时间延长至55 min。水下爆炸与爆速实验中,随着水浴加热(100℃)时间的增加,2种敏化方式药包的各项爆轰参数(冲击波压力峰值、比冲量、爆速、爆炸总能量)均持续降低。受到乳化炸药破乳与敏化热点减少的双重影响,亚硝酸钠敏化型药包(EE-SN)的爆轰性能衰减比例高于膨胀珍珠岩敏化型药包(EE-EP)。加热2 h后,膨胀珍珠岩、亚硝酸钠敏化的药包爆炸总能量损失分别为4.76%,17.62%。在胶体介质近场爆压测量中,装药结构中胶体层会减弱爆炸冲击波强度。但现场实验爆破效果良好,且实现了装药结构30 mm殉爆、炮孔内稳定传爆,说明该胶体装药结构具有很好的高温爆破应用前景。

In order to study the safety protection issues and explosion characteristics of colloidal charge structure under high temperature environment,the charge structure consisting of a thermally insulating outer layer,an endothermic colloid and an emulsion explosive was designed.The effects of three colloid proportions and two sensitizing modes(emulsion explosives were sensitized by sodium nitrite and expanded perlite respectively)of explosive in the charge structure on thermal insulation and explosion performance were studied by physical property measurement,thermometric analysis,explosion testing technology(underwater explosion,detonation velocity experiment,nearfield detonation pressure measurement)and field experiment(sympathetic detonation,blasthole blasting).The results show that the colloidal material containing 0.5%high molecular waterabsorbent resin is suitable for the charge structure,attributing to the fire resistance,high specific heat and low thermal conductivity,which extends the thermally insulating protection time to 55 min.In underwater explosion and detonation velocity experiments,as the heating time of 100℃water bath increases,all detonation parameters(peak shock wave pressure,specific impulse,detonation velocity,and total explosive energy)of the charge of two sensitizing modes decrease.Affected by the demulsification of emulsion explosive and the reduction of sensitization hot spots,the detonation performance of emulsion explosive sensitized by sodium nitrite(EE-SN)is attenuated greater than that of emulsion explosive sensitized by expanded perlite(EE-EP).After heating for 2 hours,the total explosive energy loss of EE-EP and EE-SN is 4.76%and 17.62%,respectively.In the nearfield explosion pressure measurement of colloidal medium,the colloidal layer in charge structure will weaken the strength of explosion shock wave.However,the blasting effect is good in the field experiment,and the charge structure has realized the 30 mm sympathetic detonation and the stable detonation propagation in the blast hole,indicating that the colloidal charge structure has a good application prospect for hightemperature blasting.