中国农田非CO_(2)温室气体减排的研究现状与建议

Status Quo of Research and Suggestions on Reduction of Non-CO_(2)Greenhouse Gas Emission from Chinese Farmland

温室气体减排对控制全球气候变暖具有重要意义。2014年我国农田非CO_(2)温室气体(主要指CH_(4)和N_(2)O)排放占全国温室气体排放总量的4.3%,预计2030年我国实现碳达峰后,化石能源逐步被清洁能源替代,农田CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放占全国温室气体排放的比重也将随之增大,其减排的紧迫性和重要性将日渐凸显。然而,现有农田碳减排技术由于缺乏立法教育宣传和成果激励机制等,并未得到充分转化应用与推广示范,使得减排成果难以落地坐实,不利于我国农业碳减排目标的顺利实现。文章总结了我国农田CH_(4)和N_(2)O减排工作的研究进展,指出了当前我国农田CH_(4)和N_(2)O减排所面临的问题,并在今后长效监测平台运维、新方法技术突破、大众减排意识提升及成果推广示范加强4个方面提出了技术和政策上的建议。

The mitigation of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions is of great significance for controlling global warming.In 2014,the CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions from farmland accounted for 4.3%of the total GHG emissions in China.After the carbon peak target in 2030,fossil energy in China will be gradually replaced by clean energy,and then the contribution of CH_(4) and N_(2)O emissions from farmland will be enlarged,leaving that the urgency and importance of emission reduction becomes increasingly prominent.However,available technologies of emission mitigation have not been fully adopted and promoted due to the lack of legislation,education,publicity,achievement incentive mechanism,etc.The current situation makes the mitigation achievements fail to be implemented,thus being adverse to the smooth realization of national agriculture carbon mitigation goals.This study first summarizes the research progress of CH_(4)and N_(2)O emission reduction in Chinese farmland and then points out the current problems of CH_(4)and N_(2)O reduction.Finally,technical and policy suggestions are raised in four aspects:Operation and maintenance of long-term monitoring platform,the breakthrough of new methods and technologies,improvement of public awareness of emission reduction,and promotion and demonstration of achievements.