我国转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米产业化应用面临的机遇与挑战

Opportunities and Challenges for the Industrial Application of Transgenic Insect-resistant and Herbicide-tolerant Maize in China

玉米是我国重要的粮食作物和饲料作物,虫害和杂草防治是我国玉米生产面临的重大瓶颈问题。转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米的应用能够减少农药使用量,在提高玉米产量、提升玉米收获品质方面具有重要作用。自1996年国外转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米商业化应用以来,有效控制了玉米螟和草地贪夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫的为害,降低了除草成本,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益十分显著。对近10年来全球和我国转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米的产业化发展现状进行了综述,分析了我国转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米产业化面临的机遇与挑战,并为加快推进我国转基因玉米产业化应用提供了建议。

Maize is an important food and forage crop in China,and the prevention and control of insect pests and weeds is a major bottleneck problem faced by maize production in China.The application of transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize can reduce the usage of pesticides and play an important role in improving corn yield and harvest quality.Since the commercial application of transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize abroad in 1996,the lepidoptera pests such as corn borer and fall armyworm have been effectively controlled,and the weeding cost has been reduced,with remarkable economic,social and ecological benefits.Here,the development status of transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize in the world and China in the past ten years was summarized,the opportunities and challenges faced by the industrialization of transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize in China were analyzed,and some suggestions were provided for accelerating the industrialization application of transgenic maize in China.