国家创新体系效能的系统性分析:生成机制与影响因素

A systematic analysis of China's national innovation system efficacy:Its generation mechanism and influencing factors

国家创新体系的系统特征使得从系统视角研究剖析国家创新体系效能成为科技创新政策与管理研究关注的焦点。本文试图引入系统观,在解析国家创新体系效能系统内涵的基础上,对其生成机制与影响因素进行系统性的探索,从理论层面对国家创新体系效能进行解构与剖析。首先,本文基于国家创新体系的系统特征,从“系统结构-系统运行-系统功能”的视角揭示了国家创新体系效能的内涵,将其理解为结果绩效与过程绩效的有机结合,并分别分析了两者的生成机制及相互作用。其次,本文整合“系统结构-系统功能”“系统投入-系统产出”“系统内部运行-系统外部开放”的维度视角,构建了国家创新体系效能影响因素系统分析框架,并从科技研发与产业创新两类功能导向下的子体系效能入手,分析了国家创新体系的系统结构与一般系统运行模式,并指出国家创新体系效能的提升需要系统性思考。在此基础上,本研究从优化系统结构与布局、推动要素多层次流通、有机结合创新环境等维度提出了系统推进国家创新体系效能提升的思路,并从深化国家创新体系系统论理解、推进国家创新体系效能提升的角度提出了国家创新体系效能的三点未来研究方向。本文的研究既拓宽了国家创新体系效能的分析方法,也夯实了国家创新体系效能分析的系统论基础。

As China has gradually entered the ranks of innovative countries,the scientific and technological innovation in China has undergone major changes,and the requirements for the construction of the national innovation system of China have also changed from improving the structure to improving the overall efficacy.The systematic characteristics of the national innovation system make the research and analysis of the national innovation system efficacy from the perspective of systems theory become the focus of scientific and technological innovation(STI)policy and management research.This paper attempts to introduce the system view,and on the basis of understanding the connotation of the national innovation system efficacy,systematically explore its generation mechanism and influencing factors,and deconstruct and analyze the national innovation system efficacy from the theoretical level.Firstly,based on the system characteristics of the national innovation system,this paper reveals the connotation of the national innovation system efficacy from the perspective of"system structure-system operation-system function",understands it as the organic integration of the result performance and process performance,and analyzes the generation mechanism and interaction of the two kinds of performances respectively.Secondly,integrating the multi-dimensional perspectives of"system structure-system function","system input-system output",and"system internal operation-system external opening",this paper constructs the system analysis framework of the factors affecting the national innovation system efficacy and the constructs the system structure and general system operation mode of the national innovation system from the perspective of the sub-system efficacy under the function orientation of S&T research and industrial innovation,pointing out that systemic thinking is needed to enhance the efficacy of national innovation system.On this basis,the paper proposes the suggestions of systematically promoting the efficacy of the national innovation system in three dimensions,which echoes the need for high-quality transformation of the China's national innovation system:optimizing the system structure and layout to improve the result performance of the national innovation system,promoting the multi-level circulation of innovation elements to improve the process performance of the national innovation system,and organically integrating the innovation environment to realize the overall efficacy improvement of the national innovation system.In addition,this paper also proposes four future research directions for deepening the systematic understanding of the national innovation system and promoting the efficacy improvement of the national innovation system.Overall,this study has certain theoretical and policy contributions.In theory,this study is a theoretical exploration of the systematic deconstruction of the national innovation system efficacy.Through the analysis of the system generation mechanism and influencing factors of the national innovation system efficacy,it lays a theoretical foundation for the research of the national innovation system efficacy and broadens its analysis methods.In terms of policy,this study provides some reference for the government to further improve the construction of the national innovation system and enhance the national innovation system efficacy.This paper constructs an analysis framework of the factors affecting the national innovation system efficacy and proposes a systematic way to improve the national innovation system efficacy,which helps guide policy makers to systematically consider the policy integrity in the process of formulating and implementing policies,and fully consider the synergy between system structure,system operation and system environment in the design of the governance mechanism of the national innovation system.