自由贸易试验区建设是否优化了服务业资源配置?

A Empirical Study on the Construction of FTZ's Optimizing the Service Resource Allocation

自由贸易试验区建设兼具开放和体制改革的功能,重点目标指向促进服务贸易。文章采用2010—2019年中国服务业A股上市公司数据,以前三批位于自由贸易试验区内的企业为政策处理组,构建多期双重差分模型,探讨了自由贸易试验区建设对服务业资源配置的影响。研究发现,自由贸易试验区可显著改善服务业要素配置,通过市场秩序效应和融资约束效应有效抑制服务业企业资源错配;不同区位自由贸易试验区的经济效应存在差异,相比西部地区,东中部地区资本和人力资本市场要素配置优化效果更加显著;城市特定区域建立自由贸易试验区对片区外资本流动具有辐射效应,但对片区外人力资本优化配置的辐射效应不显著,且自贸区建设对相邻城市服务业未表现明显辐射效应或虹吸效应。因此,建议在加快推进自由贸易试验区建设进程的同时,优化区内市场化程度和营商条件,在可复制的经验上结合因地制宜的制度创新,促进服务贸易要素的自由流动。

Achieving moderate scale management of farmland objectively requires a free circulation of farmland re⁃sources,but the transfer of farmland shows the characteristics of a low turnover rate.This study attempts to use the provincial panel data from 2005 to 2017 to construct a fixed effects model,explaining the reasons for this phenomenon from the perspectives of economic growth and urbanization.The results show that economic growth can significantly promote the transfer of farmland,whose current characteristics are only temporary.In the long run,the rate of farmland transfer will continue to increase steadily.There is a U-shaped relationship between urbanization and transfer,and urbanization does not play an intermediary role between economic growth and farmland transfer,but shows a certain degree of suppressing effect.In terms of other control variables,indus⁃trial structure can significantly promote the transfer,while the level of human capital,the financial support and the level of marketization have yet to show the incentives for the transfer.The robustness test was carried out by introducing the lagging term of economic growth,endogenous processing,transforming the estimation model.The results are still stable,and economic growth has a greater impact on provinces with low farmland transfer rate.