“株连责任”的当代延续:基于犯罪记录的连带责任

The Contemporary Continuation of "Joint Liability":Joint Liability Based on Criminal Record

尽管基于犯罪的刑罚责任的连坐已经消亡,但基于犯罪记录的非刑罚责任的“连坐”却依然延续至今,即当代建立在犯罪记录制度基础上的前科株连制度。这集中体现在对于犯罪人的未成年子女在内的家庭成员在入学、就业、入伍、入党、政审等领域施加的或明示或隐秘的权利剥夺与资格限制。尽管通过加重犯罪成本能够引导犯罪人的犯罪预期,从而在一定程度上起到犯罪预防的效果,但这种做法仅仅是从社会治理结构的角度出发,关注的只是社会控制的层面,是对于社会防卫的过度强调,而忽视了同样重要的社会价值:个体的正当权利。未来我国构建的国家犯罪记录制度的基本价值取向,应当是在发挥犯罪预防效果的同时,积极采取措施,以制度化的形式保障犯罪人的应有权利。

Although the continuous criminal penalty liability based on crime has disappeared, the continuous noncriminal liability based on criminal record has continued to this day, that is, the contemporary criminal record connection system based on criminal record system. This is mainly reflected in the explicit or implicit deprivation of rights and qualification restrictions imposed on the close relatives of criminals and their family members, including minor children,in the fields of enrollment, employment, enlistment, party membership, political review and so on. Although the crime expectation of criminals can be guided by increasing the cost of crime, so as to achieve the effect of crime prevention to a certain extent, this approach only focuses on the level of social control from the perspective of social governance structure and overemphasizes on social defense while neglecting the equally important social value: the legitimate rights of the individual. In the future, the basic value orientation of China’s national criminal record system should be to take active measures to protect the due rights of criminals in the form of institutionalization while giving full play to the effect of crime prevention.