番茄雄性不育研究现状与展望

Current Situation and Prospect of Research on Male Sterility of Tomato

番茄是我国重要的蔬菜作物,其产量位居世界蔬菜前列,具有重要的营养价值,口味丰富多样。植物雄性不育是因雄蕊发育异常、不能产生正常功能的花粉,而雌蕊发育正常并可利用外来正常花粉受精结实。番茄是典型的自花授粉植物,杂种优势明显,且具有抗病性和抗逆性强等特点。目前,番茄在我国生产中子一代杂交种子基本均为人工去雄授粉,所以在制种过程中需要大量的人力和物力。利用番茄雄性不育制种可以简化制种过程、大量降低成本和提高种子纯度,使得番茄产量和品质大幅提升,因此番茄雄性不育研究与利用对番茄遗传育种具有重大的实践意义,一直是国内外学者的重要研究课题。概述了近年来番茄雄性不育研究领域现状,总结了番茄雄性不育的类型、番茄雄性不育基因工程技术的应用、基因的精细定位及功能研究、番茄雄性不育的细胞生物学机制分析,从遗传学角度阐述温度对番茄雄性不育的影响,探讨其生理生化机制以及响应温度变化的基因功能与调控机理,分析了番茄雄性不育的杂种优势及其在生产应用中的利用价值。在此基础上,提出当前番茄雄性不育研究工作中所存在的问题,并对未来番茄雄性不育技术的创新和基础研究等进行展望。

Tomato is an important vegetable crop in China,and its yield ranks the top among vegetables in the world.It has important nutritional value,with rich and varied tastes.Plant male sterility is caused by the abnormal development of stamens,which cannot produce pollen with normal function,while pistils develop normally and can be fertilized by foreign normal pollen.Tomato is a typical self-pollinated plant with obvious heterosis and strong disease resistance and stress resistance.At present,the production of tomato F1 hybrid seeds in China basically depends on artificial emasculation and pollination,therefore,a lot of manpower and material resources are needed in the process of seed production.In the use of tomato male sterile seed production,the seed production process can be simplified,costs be greatly reduced and and seed purity be improved,in this case,tomato yield and quality will be increased significantly.Therefore,the research and utilization of tomato male sterility is of great practical significance to tomato genetic breeding,and has always been an important research topic for the domestic and foreign scholars.This paper mainly outlines the current situation of male sterility of tomato in recent years,summarizes the types of tomato male sterility,the application of genetic engineering technology of tomato male sterility,the fine positioning and functional study of tomato male sterility gene,and the analysis of cell biological mechanism of tomato male sterility.The effect of temperature on tomato male sterility is expounded from the perspective of genetics,and the physiological and biochemical mechanism and the gene function and regulation mechanism in response temperature changes are discussed.Then,the heterosis of tomato male sterility and its utilization value in production and application are analyzed.On this basis,the problems existing in the current research work are put forward,and the innovation and basic research of tomato male sterility technology in the future are prospected.