文本概念及其特征:基于哲学诠释学的一种理解

The Concept of Text and Its Characteristics:An Understanding Based on

语言、思想与事物之间存在着普遍的-存在论的语言结构关系,事物因此可以被语言化为能被理解的存在,人们可以像阅读书籍一样“阅读”事物,理解事物就是解释文本。文本概念遂成为哲学诠释学的中心概念。伽达默尔通过考察文本概念进入现代语言的两种方式,揭示出文本概念的两个内在规定性:以真理为内涵的经典性和意义诠释的无限延展性。文本不是预成物,先于诠释直接给予诠释者。文本在诠释中生成,表现为一种可被带入不同语言并不断被赋予新说的语言意义整体。哲学诠释学的文本概念具有“历史性”“非成品性”和“可读性”三个基本特征,它们揭示语言与被理解物之间的诠释学关联,映现被理解物的存在状况,显明诠释学的普遍性。

There is a universal-ontological language structure among language,thought and things,so things can be verbalized into being that can be understood.That is why people can“read”things as they read books.In this sense,understanding is to interpret the text.The concept of text then becomes the central concept of philosophical hermeneutics.By examining the two ways in which the concept of text enters the modermn language,Gadamer reveals two inherent regularities of the concept of text:the classic nature with truth as its connotation and the infinite extensibility of meaning interpretation.The text is not a pre-form and is given directly to the interpreter before the interpretation.Text is generated in interpretation as a linguistic integrity that can be brought into different languages and constantly given new interpretation.The concept of the text in philosophical hermeneutics has three basic characteristics:“historicity”,“non-product”and“readability”.They reveal the hermeneutic relation between things and language,reflect the existence of being,and show the universality of hermeneutics.