国际拔尖创新人才培养的新理念与新趋势

New Concepts and Trends in the Cultivation of International Elite Creative Talents

拔尖创新人才是21世纪社会经济发展的巨大动力,培养拔尖创新人才也自然是世界各国教育的主要任务。但是,拔尖创新人才的培养远远超出了教育的范畴。本文总结了国际上对拔尖创新人才的研究和教育,认为目前国际学界对拔尖创新人才及其培养的认识和教育发展的趋势大约有以下几个方面:第一,拔尖创新人才不可能过早挑选出来进行专门培养;第二,创造力是与生俱来的,人人都有成为拔尖创新人才的可能;第三,创造力必须建立在坚实的知识基础和基本能力上,而每个人由于先天和后天的差异不可能在同一个领域拔尖,因此每个人的拔尖创新能力应该是不一样的;第四,不同社会和文化对创造力以及对拔尖创新人才的认识是不一样的,不同社会有不同的态度,那么就有不同的培养环境,而不同的环境又会培养出不同的拔尖创新人才;第五,机会和运气对个体创造力的成长和发挥有决定性的作用,因此机会是否存在以及个体是否具备选择机会或者创造机会的能力特别重要;第六,道义和道德应该是约束创新创造创业的主要标准,创新创造创业不应该导致对他人和人类的伤害和对环境的破坏。

Elite creative talents are wanted and sought after in every modern society as they seem to be the primary force that drives social and economic development.But cultivating elite creative talents can follow different approaches in different societies.This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of current thinking and emerging issues in cultivating innovative,creative,and entrepreneurial talents.Primarily,the author finds the following.First,elite creative talents are not programmed and trained by early selection.Second,creativity is naturally born and everyone has the potential to become a creative elite.Third,creativity appears in different domains and must be based on solid knowledge and skills.Thus elite talents have their unique abilities and knowledge.Fourth,different society has different attitudes toward creative talents and thus different societies have different environments for cultivating creative talents.Fifth,opportunities and luck play significant roles in the development of creativity.It is therefore critical for individuals to have opportunities or create their own opportunities.Finally,creativity must be bounded by ethical and moral standards,which vary in different societies.But at least,the outcomes of creativity should not cause harm to others and the world.