木蜡油改性木材的研究进展

Research Progress of Wood Modified by Wood Wax Oil

木材是一种可再生材料,被广泛使用在家装建材等领域。木材随外部环境因素的改变,易吸湿滋生真菌,导致稳定性和强度下降。木蜡油由天然蜡和天然油组成,具有无毒无害、绿色天然的特点。总结了木蜡油和植物油的特性与区别,以及木蜡油常用改性木材的方法——表面涂饰和浸渍;阐明了常压普通浸渍和真空浸渍的应用与区别。真空浸渍利用负压加快浸渍速度,在制造透明木材、高性能木材、超疏水木材等方面具有诸多应用。木蜡油改性木材能够降低其吸湿性,增加木材表面的疏水性、木材尺寸稳定性和耐候性。对木蜡油改性研究进行了展望,为进一步研究高性能木蜡油木材改性方式提供了思路和建议。

Wood is widely used in home decoration building materials and other fields as a kind of renewable material.With the change of external environmental factors,wood is easy to absorb moisture and breed fungi,resulting in the decline of stability and strength.Consisting of natural wax and natural oil,the wax oil has the natural characteristics of non-toxic,harmless,and green.Based on the introduction of the characteristics and differences between wood wax oil and vegetable oil,the common methods of wood modification by wax oil were summarized as surface coating and impregnation.The application and difference of normal pressure impregnation and vacuum impregnation were expounded.Vacuum impregnation using negative pressure to accelerate impregnation speed has many applications in the manufacture of transparent wood,high-performance wood,and super hydrophobic wood,while wood modified by wax oil can reduce its hygroscopicity,increase its hydrophobicity,dimensional stability and weather resistance.The research progress of the modification of wax oil is prospected with an aim to provide ideas and suggestions for further research on wood high performance modification methods using wax oil.