硅肥对优质稻产量、品质及抗倒伏性的影响

Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Lodging Resistance of High-quality Rice

研究不同硅肥水平对优质稻产量、品质及抗倒伏性的影响,以期为优质稻生产和产业发展提供科技支撑。以优质杂交水稻新组合野香优2号为材料,设4个硅肥水平,分别为0 kg/hm^(2)(Si0)、48 kg/hm^(2)(Si1)、60 kg/hm^(2)(Si2)和72kg/hm^(2)(Si3),成熟期测定产量性状、稻米品质和抗倒性指标。结果表明,施用硅肥有利于增加单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数及结实率,进而提高产量,其中Si2处理的产量最高(8 835.08 kg/hm^(2)),较Si0增产5.36%;施用硅肥能显著提高糙米率和整精米率,降低垩白度,其中Si2和Si3处理效果最佳,米质等级为达到部颁标准2级;施用硅肥还能显著降低株高和茎秆基部节间长度,增加茎粗及茎壁厚度,进而提升水稻茎秆折断弯矩、降低水稻倒伏指数,其中,Si2处理的茎秆折断弯矩最大(1 561.1 g·cm),较Si0处理增加22.6%,Si2处理的倒伏指数最低(113.0%),较Si0处理下降16.7个百分点。总之,返青后增施水溶性硅肥60 kg/hm^(2)(Si2),对野香优2号产量、品质和抗倒性的提升效果最佳。

The effects of different dosages of silicon fertilizer on yield,quality and lodging resistance of high-quality rice were studied to provide scientific and technological support for the production and industrial development of high-quality rice.Using the new high-quality hybrid rice combination Yexiangyou 2 as the material,four silicon fertilizer levels were set,which were 0 kg/hm^(2)(Si0),48 kg/hm 2(Si1),60 kg/hm 2(Si2)and 72 kg/hm 2(Si3),respectively,and the yield characters,grain quality traits and lodging resistance indexes were determined at maturity stage.The results showed that the application of silicon fertilizer increased the effective panicles per unit area,spikelets per panicle and seed setting rate,and then increased the yield.The yield of Si2 treatment was the highest(8835.08 kg/hm^(2)),5.36%higher than that of Si0 treatment.The application of silicon fertilizer significantly improved the rate of brown rice and the rate of head rice,and reduced the grain chalkiness.Among the treatments,Si2 and Si3 had the best effect,and reached the second class on the standards of rice quality issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of China.The application of silicon fertilizer also significantly reduced the plant height and basal internode length of stem,increased the diameter and wall thickness of stem,and then increased the bending moment of stem and reduced the lodging index.The bending moment of stem under Si2 treatment was the highest(1561.1 g·cm),22.6%higher than that under Si0 treatment.The lodging index of Si2 treatment was the lowest(113.0%),16.7 percentage points lower than that of Si0 treatment.In conclusion,applying water-soluble silicon fertilizer of 60 kg/hm^(2)(Si2)after survival from transplanting had the best effects on the yield,grain quality and lodging resistance of Yexiangyou 2.