孤独症谱系障碍个体奖赏预期缺陷的神经机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Neural Mechanism of Reward Anticipation Deficits in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

孤独症谱系障碍的核心症状表现为社交障碍。社会动机理论指出,ASD的社交障碍主要与社会奖赏加工缺陷有关,而在奖赏的三个心理成分中,“想要”成分,即奖赏预期,与个体之后的动机行为更为相关。现有的神经影像学和事件相关电位研究主要运用奖赏延迟范式、猜谜游戏和奖赏型go/no-go范式从神经机制层面揭示了ASD的奖赏预期存在缺陷,主要与腹侧纹状体、杏仁核和眶额叶皮质等组成的多巴胺系统激活减少有关,也表现为大脑右侧前脑岛的激活异常和左右前额脑区的α活动异常。目前的研究结果表明ASD个体的社会奖赏预期存在缺陷,但是否存在更广泛的奖赏预期缺陷尚不明确。未来研究需要严格控制影响因素,同时比较不同障碍亚型或共病障碍ASD个体的奖赏预期特征,并进一步开展多模态研究,以深入了解ASD个体的奖赏预期缺陷,继而开发针对性更强的干预策略。

The core symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is social impairment.Social motivation theory suggests that social impairment in ASD is primarily related to deficits in social reward processing,and among the three psychological components of reward,the“wanting”component,or reward anticipation,is more relevant to subsequent motivated behavior.Existing neuroimaging and event-related potential studies,mainly using the reward delay paradigm,the guessing game and the reward-based go/no-go paradigm,have revealed deficits in reward anticipation in ASD at the neural mechanism level,mainly associated with reduced activation of the dopamine system consisting of the ventral striatum,amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex,as well as abnormal activation in the right anterior insula and abnormal alpha activity in the left and right prefrontal brain regions.The current findings suggest that individuals with ASD have deficits in social reward anticipation,but it is unclear whether there are broader deficits in reward anticipation.Future research needs to strictly control for influencing factors,while comparing the reward anticipation characteristics of individuals with ASD across different impairment subtypes or co-morbid disorders,and conduct further multimodal studies to gain insight into the reward anticipation deficits of individuals with ASD,and then develop more targeted intervention strategies.