鲁中地区典型日光温室喜温蔬菜冷害预警指标研究

The study on the chilling injury warning index of typical greenhouse thermophilic vegetables in the central Shandong province

利用2008年11月至2021年3月山东中部地区典型日光温室内、外最低气温资料,结合喜温蔬菜冷害指标,应用80%保证率安全法和个例分析,结合田间调查,确定不同季节、不同天气类型下山东中部地区温室喜温蔬菜冷害天气预警指标。结果表明:春季一般无冷害发生,秋季冷害以寡照型天气为主,一般发生在11月,在≥5 d阴天的天气条件下。秋季冷害的天气预警指标为温室外最低气温,其中轻度冷害指标为0℃,中度冷害为-5℃。冬季冷害天气类型为低温型和寡照型,冷害天气预警指标为温室外最低气温。冬季不同天气条件的冷害等级分为晴天轻度、中度冷害,多云轻度、中度冷害,≤4 d阴天轻度、中度冷害,≥5 d连阴天轻度冷害、中度冷害,室外最低气温指标分别为-7℃、-13℃,-6℃、-10℃,-4℃、-9℃,0℃、-7℃。

Based on the data on the inside and outside minimum temperature of a typical greenhouse in the central Shandong province from November of 2008 to March of 2021,combined with the chilling injury index of thermophilic vegetables,the correlation analysis,80% guarantee rate safety method,and case analysis method were used to analyze the chilling injury warning index of the thermophilic vegetables under different weather conditions in different seasons.The results showed that there is no chilling injury in spring.In autumn,the chilling injury is mainly occurred in November and caused by less sunshine.A risk of light chilling injury can be released when the minimum temperature outside the greenhouse is below 0℃ under the condition of overcast days is more than 5 days,while the minimum temperature threshold value of the moderate chilling injury index is -5℃.The chilling injury in winter is divided into two types of low temperature or long-term overcast days,and its warning index is the minimum temperature outside the greenhouse.The chilling injury warnings under different weather conditions are divided into the following grades i.e.the light and moderate chilling injury under a clear day,cloudy weather,and overcast days with the duration≤4 d and≥5 d,and their minimum temperature threshold values are -7℃,-13℃,-6℃,-10℃,-4℃,-9℃,0℃ and -7℃,respectively.