论我国社区居家养老服务可持续发展的制度优化路径

On the System Optimization of Sustainable Development of Chinese Community Home Care Service

作为居家养老服务与社区养老服务的有机整体,社区居家养老服务已成为未来社会化养老服务发展的方向。当前,社区居家养老服务以社区为中枢实现多元养老服务资源的整合和配置,辐射兜底型与普惠型服务对象,具有多样化服务内容、多元化的运行方式与服务模式。然而,我国社区居家养老服务仍然存在以下问题:养老服务低效运转,重建设轻运营;从业人员稳定性较差且专业性有待提高;对政府补贴依赖性高,缺乏自身“造血”能力;法律风险突出,权责不明。为促进社区居家养老服务可持续发展,应当健全社区居家养老服务评价机制与资源整合渠道,探索市场化服务与公益性服务并联的运营方式,从多方面推进服务从业人员链条式职业化道路,并建立健全社区居家养老服务内外部风险防范机制。

As an organic whole of home care service and community care service,community home care service has become the future direction of social care service.At present,the community home care service takes the community as the center to realize the integration and allocation of multiple elderly care service resources,radiates the bottom-support type and inclusive service object,and has diversified service content,diversified operation mode and service mode.However,the following problems still exist in Chinese community home-based care services:inefficient operation of care services,construction rather than operation;The stability of practitioners is poor and their professionalism needs to be improved;High dependence on government subsidies,lack of their own“hematopoietic”ability;Prominent legal risks,rights and responsibilities are unclear.In order to promote the sustainable development of community home-based care services,it is necessary to improve the evaluation mechanism and resource integration channels of community home-based care services,explore the parallel operation mode of market-oriented services and public welfare services,promote the chain professionalization of service practitioners from various aspects,and establish and improve the internal and external risk prevention mechanism of community home-based care services.