microRNAs对周围神经损伤雪旺细胞调控的研究进展

Advances of microRNAs in regulation of Schwann cell after peripheral nerve injury

目的 以microRNAs对于周围神经损伤后对雪旺细胞的调控为切入点,综述近期实验研究进展。方法 检索建库至2022年5月中国知网、万方、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中的相关文献,并对microRNAs以及其对周围神经损伤后早期炎症、雪旺细胞的去分化、增殖、迁移以及髓鞘的重新形成的影响及进展进行综述。结果 周围神经损伤后神经再生恢复的关键在于外源性局部微环境的建立与维持稳定及内源性神经元程序的重新激活。近年来越来越多的研究探讨microRNAs在神经损伤和再生中的调节作用。目前研究多集中在其对神经再生早期过程中沃勒式变性及对雪旺细胞行为的影响。某些microRNAs在神经损伤上表现出特定的时间表达谱,与随后的神经再生阶段密切相关,如雪旺细胞的去分化、增殖和迁移、碎片的摄取、轴突生长和再生轴突的再髓鞘形成。结论 microRNAs参与了神经再生早期炎症及雪旺细胞的增殖、迁移、及髓鞘形成等关键过程。单个microRNA通过调控与神经再生关键活动有关的细胞因子的表达为周围神经损伤后的治疗提供新靶点。

Objective Based on the regulation of microRNAs on Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury,the recent experimental research progress was reviewed.Methods Related literatures were retrieved from CNKI,Wan fang,PubMed and Web of Science databases until May 2022,and microRNAs were reviewed as well as their effects and progress on early inflammation,dedifferentiation,proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and myelin sheath reformation after peripheral nerve injury.Results The key to nerve regeneration and recovery after peripheral nerve injury lies in the establishment and maintenance of the external local microenvironment and the reactivation of the endogenous neuronal program.In recent years,more and more studies have explored the regulatory role of microRNAs in nerve injury and regeneration.At present,most studies focus on its effect on Waller degeneration and Schwann cell behavior in the early stage of nerve regeneration.Some microRNAs exhibit specific temporal expression profiles on nerve injury,which are closely related to subsequent stages of nerve regeneration,such as dedifferentiation,proliferation and migration of Schwann cells,uptake of fragments,axon growth,and remyelination of regenerated axons.Conclusion microRNAs are involved in key processes such as early inflammation of nerve regeneration and proliferation,migration,and myelination of Schwann cells.Individual microRNAs provide novel therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury by regulating the expression of cytokines involved in key activities of nerve regeneration.