不同覆盖处理对葡萄园土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Treatments on Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Vineyard Soil

试验在‘媚丽’葡萄园中进行,采用可降解液态地膜(LF)和葡萄碎枝条(GB)进行行内覆盖处理,并以清耕为对照(CK),研究不同覆盖处理对土壤温度、含水量、容重、有机质、养分、微生物及酶活性的影响。结果表明,覆盖处理一定程度上可以改善葡萄园微气候;与CK相比,LF处理显著提高了土壤速效磷含量,GB处理显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量;两种覆盖处理均提高了土壤细菌和真菌数量;GB处理对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶和蔗糖酶活性均起到一定的提升作用。通过主成分分析对各处理的土壤质量进行综合评价,得分排名为GB>LF>CK。以上结果表明,行内覆盖处理可以有效改善葡萄园土壤理化性质,增加土壤微生物数量,提高土壤酶活性,其中枝条覆盖的效果最好。

The experiment was conducted in'Meili'vineyard,effects of different mulching treatments on soil temperature,water content,bulk density,organic matter,nutrients,microorganisms and enzyme activities were studied by using degradable liquid mulch film(LF)and grape broken branches(GB)as in-row mulching treatments,and clean tillage as control(CK).The results showed that mulching treatment could improve the microclimate of vineyards to some extent;compared with CK,LF treatment significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus,while GB treatment significantly increased the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium.LF and GB treatments increased the number of soil bacteria and fungi;GB treatment could improve the activities of catalase,urease,phosphatase,protease,amylase and sucrase in soil.The soil quality of each treatment was evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis,and the score was ranked as GB>LF>CK.The results showed that in-row mulching treatment could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of vineyard soil,increase the number of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities,among which branch mulching has the best effe ct.