教育焦虑传导机制下的低生育意愿及应对

Low Fertility Intention and Response under the Transmission Mechanism of Educational Anxiety

教育焦虑正逐渐成为影响生育水平和人口发展的重要因素。异化的教育功能、超越阶层的高教育期待、风险社会的教育内卷、与个体认知不匹配的教育政策和信息化时代的网络渲染共同导致了社会性的教育焦虑,而教育焦虑又通过在个体层面提高生育门槛、降低多孩憧憬、加重母职焦虑,在家庭层面威胁家长身份认同、放大代际冲突、加剧亲子矛盾等路径,强化了现代人的低生育意愿。从政策角度,本文主张在人口负增长和低生育率社会背景下,一方面做好教育大势宣传,推动社会教育观念变迁,消除职业教育偏见,以阻断教育焦虑的形成机制;另一方面不断加强家庭和生育友好环境建设,建立家庭教育指导服务体系,降低教育焦虑对个体和家庭的影响,以实现家庭福祉增进和人口长期均衡发展。

Educational anxiety is emerging as an important factor affecting fertility levels and population development.The alienated educational functions,high expectations for higher education beyond social class,educational involution in a risky society,educational policies that do not match individual perceptions,and network impact in the information age have jointly led to social educational anxiety.Educational anxiety,in turn,has reinforced low fertility intention among modern people by raising the fertility threshold,reducing the desire for multiple children,and aggravating motherhood anxiety at the individual level,and by threatening parental identity,amplifying intergenerational conflicts,and intensifying parent-child conflicts at the family level.From a policy perspective,this paper advocates that in the context of negative population growth and low fertility society,on the one hand,we should do a good job of propagating the general education trend,driving progress in social attitudes towards education,and eliminating the prejudice of vocational education in order to interrupt the formation mechanism of education anxiety;on the other hand,we should continuously strengthen the construction of family-friendly and fertility-friendly environment,establish a family education guidance service system,and reduce the impact of education anxiety on individuals and families,so as to achieve family well-being enhancement and long-term balanced population development.