从美国针灸流派的产生发展看中医针灸理论的国际传播——以TCM针灸流派和医学针灸流派为例

International Dissemination of TCM Acupuncture Theory from the Emergence and Development of Acupuncture Schools in the United States:Taking TCM Acupuncture School and Medical Acupuncture School as Examples

传统中医针灸流派和医学针灸流派分属美国针灸流派的两大阵营,且最具代表性。从二者的产生以及在美国的传播发展历程看,针灸作为一门传统医疗技术,在美国实现“本土化”,以及进一步走向国际化和现代化的进程中,其面临的理论国际传播问题最为突出。站在医学史的角度,并结合针灸医学的自身特点,从理论整合重构、科学研究深化以及针灸海外教育三个方面入手,冲破针灸医学在国际传播中的局限,向世界展现中医针灸理论的全貌,是目前针灸医学理论实现国际化和现代化的前进方向。

Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)acupuncture school and medical acupuncture schools are representatives of American acupuncture schools and belong to two camps.From the emergence,spread and development of the two schools in the United States,acupuncture,as a traditional medical technology,has faced the most prominent problems in the international dissemination of theory in the process of achieving"localization"in the United States and in further internationalization and modernization.From the perspective of medical history,and combined with the characteristics of acupuncture medicine,the direction of internationalization and modernization of acupuncture theory is presented from three aspects,namely,the theoretical integration and reconstruction,the deepening of scientific research and overseas acupuncture education,which breaks through the limitations of international spread of acupuncture and shows the whole picture of TCM acupuncture theory.