社会发展视角下子代与亲代的照护差异研究--基于认知症照护者的质性分析

Intergenerational and Intragenerational Caregiving Differences from the Perspective of Social Development:Based on a Qualitative Study of Dementia Caregivers

子代与亲代的照护差异影响照护质量与患者生命质量。从社会发展理论的分析框架着手,以19名子代照护者与10名亲代照护者为样本,分析两代照护者差异的特征和原因,并就照护服务的发展提出思考与建议。研究发现,子代与亲代的照护差异在照护理念与照护制度的变迁中发展,并形成解释因素,认知症患者的子代与亲代的照护差异主要表现为情感与认知、药物与非药物治疗、社会服务的选择等方面。照护者通过学习科学的照护理念与照护文化,尝试提供科学的照护,照护者自我力量不断发展,促进了照护质量的提升。老年照护服务力量通过政府的制度安排为认知症患者提供照护,弥补了家庭照护中缺失的力量。照护者自我力量、老年照护服务力量在社会发展中的融合形成了子代与亲代的照护差异,两者的结合能够更好地为认知症患者提供服务。正视子代与亲代照护差异也能为照护服务提供更好的路径。

Intergenerational and intragenerational differences in caregiving affect the quality of caregiving and patients’quality of life.Based on the framework of social development theory,this study analyzes 19 offspring caregivers and 10 spouse caregivers,examines the characteristics and causes of intergenerational caregiving differences,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.Intergenerational caregiving differences have developed and formed explanatory factors in the changes of care concepts and care systems.Intergenerational caregiving differences with dementia are reflected in three levels:emotional and recognition conflicts,treatment awareness,and care mode selection.The evolving self-strength improves the quality of caregiving through scientific caregiving with the concept and the culture of care.Social services for the elderly provide caregiving to make up for the lack of support in family caregiving.The integration of the caregivers’self-strength and social service strength in social development forms intergenerational caregiving differences.The combination of the two can better provide services for patients with dementia.Facing intergenerational caregiving differences can also provide a better path for caregiving services.