甘肃兴隆山保护区野生马麝的冬季卧息地生境特征

Winter Bed-Sites Utilization of Wild Alpine Musk Deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve,Gansu Province

生境是野生动物的栖息基底,卧息地是野生动物重要的功能性生境。为深入了解野生马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)冬季卧息地生境的特征及选择利用,于2021年12月至2022年1月对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区的野生马麝的功能性生境开展了基于生境取样的研究。通过样线调查法获取马麝卧息痕迹位点,采用主成分分析和资源选择函数法进行其卧息生境选择的研究。结果表明,野生马麝冬季卧息地生境的海拔较低[(2488.5±26.6)m]、灌木较高[(1.3±0.3)m]、灌木盖度(31.08%±3.14%)和地表植被盖度(38.36%±3.27%)较大、倒木较多[(0.5±0.1)个]且积雪较浅[(1.0±0.3)cm];马麝冬季卧息地多选择位于南坡的下坡位灌丛生境,而且距水源较近、隐蔽度较好。主成分分析表明,乔木因子、食物因子、安全因子和地形因子的累计贡献率达67%;马麝的卧息生境资源选择函数为:Logit(x)=﹣4.967+0.001×海拔﹣0.02×坡度+0.03×乔木郁闭度+0.104×乔木高度+0.17×灌木盖度﹣0.466×雪被深度﹣1.015×坡向,模型预测正确率为91.1%。研究结果综合反映了野生马麝冬季卧息地对安全、水源和食物的生态需求。

[Objectives]Habitat is the basis of wild animals,and bed-sites is one of the most important functional patches.In order to understand the bed-sites habitat characteristics and selective utilization pattern of wild Alpine Musk Deer,this study was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022,in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province in northwestern China.[Methods]We obtained the bed-sites records of Alpine Musk Deer by sample line survey method.Vanderploeg selection coefficients and Scavia selection indices were used to calculate the selection of discrete variables,and principal component analysis and resource selection function were used to assess the bed-sites habitat selection.[Results]The results showed that wild Alpine Musk Deer preferred to use habitats with lower altitude(2488.5±26.6 m),higher shrub height(1.3±0.3 m),higher shrub canopy(31.08%±3.14%),higher ground-plant cover(38.36%±3.27%),more fallen wood(0.5±0.1)plot and shallower snow cover(1.0±0.3 cm)in winter(Table 1);and preferred to use habitats in southern lower slope,closer to water resources,shrub habitats with good concealment condition in winter(Table 2);the principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of arbor factor,food factor,safety factor and topographical factor amounted to 67%(Table 5).The resource selection function yielded a log-linear model:Logit(x)=﹣4.967+0.001×altitude﹣0.02×slope gradient+0.03×arbor canopy+0.104×arbor height+0.17×shrub canopy﹣0.466×snow depth﹣1.015×slope aspect(Table 7).[Conclusion]Our results reflected the comprehensive ecological demands of security,food and water resources adaptability of bed-sites used by Alpine Musk Deer during winter.