先秦墓道方位制度刍议——兼论随州叶家山曾侯墓地的族属问题

A Meager Opinion about Systems Stipulating Orientation and Position of Tomb Tunnels of Pre-Qin Tombs-Also on Clan of Tomb Occupants Buried in Yejiashan Cemetery,Family Cemetery of Marquis of Zeng State in Suizhou

墓道方位制度关系着墓主族属的判别,是先秦史学与考古学共同关注的热点。不同的族群在主墓道朝向、墓主头向、主墓道朝向与墓主头向之关系选择方面存在显著差别。随枣走廊曾系大墓,青铜铭文证其墓主族属为姬姓,但其墓道方位却异于中原周系墓葬,呈现出多元化。由此说明,先秦墓道方位制度受族群和地域双重因素的制约。

Systems stipulating the orientation and position of tomb tunnels is linked with the identification of tomb occupants'clans,and have been the focus of pre-Qin historiographical and archaeological research.When it comes to the orientation of the main tomb tunnel,the orientation of the tomb occupant's head,the relative position of the orientation of the main tomb tunnel and that of the tomb occupant's head,there are significant differences among different clans.Large tombs of Zeng State,discovered in Suizao Corridor,contain bronzes bearing inscriptions confirming that the tomb occupants were from the Ji clan.However,orientations of the tomb tunnels are different from those of Zhou tombs discovered in Central Plains,and are diversified.This fact shows that systems stipulating the orientation and position of tomb tunnels of pre-Qin tombs were conditioned by both clanship and regional factors.