铅锌富集机制实验研究方法综述

Review on experimental research methods of lead and zinc enrichment mechanism

元素富集机制的研究是重现成矿过程和查明成矿机制的基础,有助于深化对矿床的认识,为找矿提供理论依据。本文总结了近年来关于铅锌元素的迁移与沉淀机制的研究及其应用,包括3种铅锌迁移沉淀模式,4种含铅锌流体驱动模式,铅锌的迁移形式及其沉淀机制;同时简述了我国高温高压实验的发展历程以及4种高温高压模拟实验方法。重点介绍了4种高温高压实验模拟方法及其研究现状:①高压釜实验;②热液金刚石压腔—激光拉曼实验;③熔融毛细硅管—激光拉曼实验;④计算机模拟实验。从封闭—平衡—静止到(半)开放—非平衡—流动、淬火分析到原位观察,应是今后高温高压实验的发展方向。以地质特征为基础,采用高温高压成岩成矿模拟实验结合计算机模拟,精细刻画成矿过程并揭示元素富集机制不仅是解决实际地质问题的有效手段,更是很长一段时间内要为之努力的方向。

The study of element enrichment mechanism is the basis for reproducing the metallogenic process and determining the metallogenic mechanism,which is helpful to deepen the understanding of ore deposits and provide theoretical basis for prospecting.This paper reviews the research and application of the migration and precipitation mechanisms of Pb and Zn elements in recent years,including three migration and precipitation models,four fluid-driven models of lead and zinc,and the forms and mechanisms of Pb and Zn migration and precipitation.At the same time,the development of domestic HPHT(high pressure and high temperature)experiments and four kinds of HPHT simulation experiment methods are introduced.This paper introduces four simulation methods and their research status:①computer simulation experiment;②autoclave experiment;③hydrothermal diamond cavity-laser Raman experiment;④Fused capillary silicon tube—laser Raman experiment.Gradually from closed equilibrium—still to(semi)open—unequilibrium—flow and hardening analysis is mainly based on field observation,which should be the development direction of high temperature and high pressure experiments.On the basis of geological characteristics,through HPHT computer simulation experiments and the diagenesis and mineralization simulation experiments describe the mineralization process finely and reveal the element enrichment mechanism.It is not only an effective means to solve practical geological problem,but also a direction that has been striving for a long time.