抗温抗盐水基钻井液降滤失剂研究进展

Advances in Study on Temperature-Resistant and Salt-Tolerant Fluid Loss Reducers for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

深井钻探中高温高盐环境易导致钻井液性能失效,引发井塌、井漏等事故,影响钻井安全与效率。降滤失剂作为钻井液体系中最主要的添加剂之一,通过护胶、增黏、堵塞等方式降低钻井液滤失量,达到降低地层损害、维持井壁稳定的作用。随着我国深井超深井作业量不断提高,钻遇高温高压地层、盐膏层等工况逐渐增多,抗温抗盐降滤失剂的研发已成为攻克复杂井高温钻井液技术的关键问题。概述三种抗温抗盐型水基钻井液用降滤失剂,主要包括天然高分子及改性材料降滤失剂、合成聚合物类降滤失剂和无机/有机复合材料降滤失剂。从原料组成、合成(改性)方法及产品性能等方面总结了抗温抗盐水基钻井液降滤失剂的研究成果,探讨了国内抗温抗盐水基钻井液降滤失剂的发展方向,为抗温抗盐降滤失剂的研发及应用提供理论指导。

The high-temperature and high-salinity environment in deep well drilling can lead to failure of drilling fluid performance,causing well collapse,lost circulation and other accidents,resulting in reduction of drilling safety and efficiency.As one of the most im-portant additives in the drilling fluid system,the fluid loss reducer can reduce filtration through gel protection,viscosity increase and plugging,minimize damage to the formation and maintain the stability of the wellbore.With the continuous increase of deep and ultra deep well operations in China,more and more high-temperature and high-pressure formations,salt gypsum formations and other harsh formations have been encountered during drilling.The research and development of temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant fluid loss reducers has become the key to addressing the challenges in enhancing the drilling fluid technology for high-temperature and complex wells.Three types of water-based drilling fluid loss reducer were described in this paper,including the fluid loss reducers made of nat-ural polymers and modified materials,synthetic polymers and inorganic/organic composites.It summarizes the recent research results of temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant fluid loss reducers for water-based drilling fluids in terms of raw material composition,syn-thesis(modification)method and product performance,discusses the future development direction of temperature-resistant and salt tolerant fluid loss reducers for water-based drilling fluids in China,and provides theoretical guidance for the development and applica-tion of temperature-resistant and salt-tolerant fluid loss reducers.