孤独症谱系障碍儿童的观点采择能力特点及其相关因素

Characteristics and related factors of perspective-taking in children with autism spectrum disorder

目的:探讨孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童观点采择特点及其关联因素。方法:纳入符合美国精神病诊断与统计手册第5版ASD诊断标准的儿童100例和年龄、性别匹配的正常对照组儿童100例。采用社会观点采择测验(SPT)评估入组儿童的认知和情感观点采择能力,韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISCⅣ)、社交反应量表(SRS)及执行功能行为评定量表分别测评儿童的智力、社交反应能力及执行功能。Pearson偏相关分析观点采择能力与社交及认知功能的相关性。结果:孤独症组SPT中认知及情感观点采择得分均低于对照组儿童(均P<0.001)。不同性别、年龄的孤独症组儿童观点采择得分均低于正常对照组(均P<0.050)。孤独症组认知观点采择得分与总智商正相关(r=0.26,P=0.011),与社交反应量表得分负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.05);情感观点采择能力与总智商正相关(r=0.33,P<0.01),与社交反应量表得分及执行功能评定量表得分负相关(r=-0.32、-0.03,P<0.05)。结论:ASD儿童认知及情感观点采择均存在缺陷,其观点采择能力与智力水平、社交反应能力和执行功能低下相关。

Objective:To explore the characteristics of perspective-taking in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and its related factors.Methods:Totally 100 children with ASD meeting the criteria of DSM-5 and 100 gender-and age-matched normal children aged 6-10 years were included.The social perspective-taking test(SPT)was utilized to evaluate children's ability of perspective-taking.The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition(WISC IV),Social Responsiveness Scales(SRS),and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function(BRIEF)were used to evaluate children's function.Pearson partial correlations analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between perspective-taking and their social and cognitive function.Results:The scores of cognitive perspective-taking(CPT)and affective perspective-taking(APT)of SPT were lower in the ASD group than in normal control group(Ps<0.001).The SPT Scores were lower in children in ASD group with different genders and ages than in normal control group(Ps<0.05).In ASD group,the CPT scores were positively correla-ted with intelligence quotient(r=0.26,P<0.05),while negatively correlated with the SRS scores(r=-0.20,P<0.05).The APT scores were also positively correlated with intelligence quotient(r=0.33,P<0.01),and nega-tively correlated with scores of SRS and BRIEF(r=-0.32,-0.03,Ps<0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that chil-dren with autism spectrum disorder have defects in cognitive function and affective perspective-taking,and the abili-ty of perspective-taking may be related to lower levels of intelligence,social responsiveness and executive function.