突发公共卫生事件治理框架概况性评价——以重大传染病疫情为例

A governance framework for public health emergencies taking major infectious disease outbreaks as an example:a scoping review

目的总结分析我国现有以重大传染病疫情为主的突发公共卫生事件的治理框架的特点和优劣势。方法计算机检索CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data、CBM和PubMed数据库,搜集关于我国重大传染病疫情治理的研究,检索时限均从建库至2023年4月15日。对纳入研究的基本信息和治理要素进行提取分析。结果共纳入30个研究,发文时间主要集中在2020—2022年,研究内容多为COVID-19,以大数据治理、整体性治理、多主体协同治理框架为主。治理要素主要集中在治理主体、治理周期、制度保障三个方面。治理主体集中在多主体协同治理,治理周期以事中治理为主,基础保障是以信息技术大数据为主体的多重保障。结论我国重大传染病疫情治理框架的治理主体已经从单一主体向多主体协同治理过渡。在增加事前预警治理的同时应注重事后恢复时期的治理。制度保障方面应该增加疫情舆情控制系统保障、隐私安全保障、心理疏导保障等全方位保障。

Objective To summarize and analyze the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of the current governance framework for public health emergencies in China.Methods The CNKI,VIP,WanFang Data,CBM and PubMed databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the management of major infectious disease outbreaks in China from inception to April 15,2023.The basic information and governance elements included in the study were extracted and analyzed.Results A total of 30 studies were included,and the time of issuance was from 2020 to 2022.Most of the studies were on COVID-19,focusing on the governance framework of big data governance,holistic governance,and multi-agent collaborative governance.The governance elements were mainly concentrated in three aspects:governance subject,governance cycle and institutional guarantee.The governance entities were concentrated on multi-agent collaborative governance,with the governance cycle mainly focused on in process governance,and the basic guarantee is a multiple guarantee with information technology big data as the main body.Conclusion The governance body of China's major infectious disease epidemic management framework has transitioned from a single entity to a multi entity collaborative governance.While increasing prewarning governance,attention should also be paid to governance during the post recovery period.In terms of system,comprehensive guarantees such as epidemic public opinion control system guarantees,privacy security guarantees,and psychological counseling guarantees should be added.