地方性知识视角下中国旅游研究的框架探索与主题解构

Framework Exploration and Thematic Deconstruction of Chinese Tourism Research from the Perspective of Local Knowledge

哲学社会科学知识具有鲜明的地域特征,新时代旅游研究要求融合本土要素,探索具有时代性、中国特色的知识体系。地方性知识是民族学和科学哲学中的一个重要概念,最初由人类学家格尔茨提出,表明了对西方传统科学价值观的反思,该视角的引入有助于理解、解构中国旅游研究的本土知识系统。研究表明,地方性知识观念形成了原初民族学意义、微观权力塑造的政治学意义到劳斯科学哲学意义的概念连续谱,旅游研究与其双向互动,可构成“描述、发掘、创新”不同内涵地方性知识的二元连续谱。文章统计和梳理了2011—2021年8本代表性中文和英文期刊的中国旅游研究文献,并结合“二元连续谱”和旅游知识论对其中与地方性知识紧密相关的591篇文献进行主题分析,归纳出18个有关的中国旅游研究版块。文章最后指出了地方性知识谱系对旅游知识论的意义及进一步研究的可能。

Philosophy and social sciences are characterized by regionality.Falling under the philosophy and social science system with Chinese characteristics,tourism research in the new era is closely related to the social and cultural situation.Thus,the integration of indigenous knowledge and exploration of knowledge structures with contemporary and Chinese characteristics are required."Local knowledge",proposed by the anthropologist Geertz,is a crucial concept in both ethnology and the philosophy of science.This article introduces the concept of local knowledge into tourism research.Firstly,the two local knowledge concepts of Clifford Geertz and Joseph Rouse were examined respectively to derive a continuum of the concept,through which a conceptual continuum from the original ethnological meaning to the political sense shaped by Foucault's new conceptions of power to the philosophy of scientific practice of Rawls was formed.Next,the two-way interaction process between local knowledge and indigenous tourism research was elucidated by combining local knowledge with the current status of indigenous tourism research and based on the tourism epistemological framework of Colquitt,Zapata-Phelan and Tribe,a binary continuous spectrum of local knowledge and tourism research was formed.Specifically,a binary continuum spectrum of"describing,exploring,and innovating"local knowledge with three different connotations through that two-way interactionprocess.The introduction of this perspective contributes to understanding and deconstructing a new knowledge system of indigenous tourism research.Additionally,this paper explores the themes of Chinese tourism research from the standpoint of local knowledge through the binary continuous spectrum model.Chinese local knowledge of tourism research was investigated by sorting out the literature in the domain of local knowledge published in four major journals of Chinese tourism research and four top international tourism SSCI journals during 2011-2021.Based on the survey and sampling of indigenous tourism literature in these years,591 pieces of literature related to local knowledge were identified,and 18 related topics were summarized according to the binary continuum spectrum and tourism problemology.The main sections of these topics include local cultural tourism resources and sociology,tourism research on minority areas,economic and social impact of local policies on tourism,national development and tourism,local tourism methodology,and epistemological innovation.Finally,this paper emphasized the significance of local knowledge to tourism knowledge theory and the possibility of further research.This paper draws lessons from the perspective of local knowledge in the Chinese context,clarifies the course and characteristics of tourism academic development in the context of local knowledge theory,and elucidates the academic and practical value of local knowledge in tourism research.Through reviewing indigenous tourism research related to local knowledge,this paper is also conducive to systematic analysis of the disciplinary system and formation path of philosophy and social sciences withChinesecharacteristics.