吸能锚杆及其静动力试验方法研究综述

A Review of Study on Energy-absorbing Rockbolts and Static/Dynamic Test Methods

为解决深部隧道、巷道等地下工程开挖时面临的软岩大变形及岩爆支护问题,在过去几十年里,研究人员提出了具有不同变形吸能机制的吸能锚杆,同时提出了量化吸能锚杆静动力性能的试验方法与试验设备,取得了大量的研究成果。对现有吸能锚杆的能量吸收机制、工作性能及其静动力性能试验方法等进行总结,根据吸能锚杆的工作机理,将吸能锚杆分为材料变形型吸能锚杆和结构变形型吸能锚杆两类,系统介绍了吸能锚杆静力拉伸与动力冲击的试验方法及设备;根据不同的吸能特性及变形能力,将吸能锚杆的性能划分为低、中、高和极高四种类型,并对吸能锚杆的应用前景和研究方向进行展望和总结。

In order to solve the problem of large deformation of soft rock and the support problem caused by rockburst in underground works such as deep tunnels and galleries,researchers have devised the energy-absorbing rockbolts with various deformation energy-absorbing mechanisms in the past few decades,and they have also devised the testing methods and equipment that can quantity the static and dynamic performance of energy-absorbing rockbolts,with many research achievements.In review of the energy-absorbing mechanisms,working performance and static/dynamic performance test methods of the existing energy-absorbing rockbolts and based on the working mechanism of energy-absorbing rockbolt,the energy-absorbing rockbolts can be classified into two types,i.e.material deformation energy-absorbing rockbolt and structural deformation energy-absorbing rockbolt.The testing methods and equipment used for static tension and dynamic impact tests of energy-absorbing rockbolt are systematically explained.Depending on their energy-absorbing properties and deformation capacity,the performance of energy-absorbing rockbolt can be classified as low,medium,high or very high.The application prospect of energy-absorbing rockbolt and its direction research have been examined and predicted.