播种期对黑糯玉米自交系生长、雌雄穗开花期及产量的影响

Effects of sowing date on inbred line growth,female/male ears flowering time and yield of black waxy corn

为了研究不同播种期对黑糯玉米(Zea mays L.)品种桂黑糯609父本和母本生长发育、花期调控以及产量的影响,基于广西的气候特征,以父本黑糯系102和母本绿秆糯为试验材料,设计6个不同播种期(父本为2月25日、2月29日、3月4日和3月8日,母本为2月25日和3月8日),调查父本和母本自交系主要生长时期的发生时间、叶片生长速度,并测量产量及产量相关性状。结果表明,随着播种期的推迟,2个亲本的开花期都相对延迟,相同播种期(2月25日和3月8日)父本的散粉期和母本的吐丝期相遇最好,不同播种期相遇一般甚至不相遇;播种期早(2月25日)的亲本叶片生长最快,雄穗最长;随着播种期的推迟,各亲本的株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数等性状逐渐升高,但差异相对较小,穗粗、出子率和产量也逐渐升高,且处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。由此表明,在广西进行桂黑糯609制种生产,为了能确保父本和母本花期正常相遇,同时避免气温因素的影响,最好以同播种期为主,最适宜的播种期为3月上旬,且不宜超过3月中旬。

In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on growth,flowering period,and yield of the parents of black waxy corn(Zea mays L.)variety Guiheinuo 609,based on the climatic characteristics of Guangxi,six sowing dates(Feb.25 and 29,Mar.4 and 8 for the male plant;Feb.25 and Mar.8 for the female plant)were designed by using the Heinuo 102 and Lyugannuo(the parents of Guiheinuo 609)as experimental materials.The occurrence time of growth periods,leaf growth rate,and yield traits of the parents were measured.The results showed that the flowering period of the parents was delayed during the retarding sowing date.It was the best for the occurrence of pollening stage of the male and silking stage of the female at the same sowing dates(Feb.25 and Mar.8),and it occurred generally or did not occurre at different sowing dates.The fastest leaf growth rate and the longest tassel occurred in the early sowing parents(Feb.25).And in the retarding sowing dates,the parents’plant height,ear position height,ear length,and kernel line number were gradually increased without significant difference,as well as their ear diameter,seeding rate and yield were gradual⁃ly increased with a significant difference(P<0.05).In conclusion,in order to ensure the florescence of the male and female parents meet normally and avoid the influence of temperature,it was best to focus on the simultaneous sowing date during seed production of Guiheinuo 609,and the most suitable sowing date should be early March,but should not exceed mid-March in Guangxi.