规模化奶牛场常发高害疾病流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigations on common and high-risk diseases in large-scale dairy farms

[目的]掌握师市规模化奶牛场奶牛临床常发高害疾病病种及发病情况,针对疾病制定防控措施。[方法]通过对既往发病史咨询、常发高害疾病现场临床调研和实验室检测等方法进行综合流行病学调查,详细记录有关数据并进行分析。[结果]共调查各生长阶段的奶牛9541头,临床常发高害疾病主要有犊牛腹泻、犊牛支气管肺炎、蹄病、乳房炎、酮病、酸中毒、产科病(子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下、卵巢疾患)等,年总平均发病率为7.85%;其中犊牛腹泻发病率最高,为19.10%;其次是成年母牛蹄病,平均发病率为15.05%;再次是酮病,平均发病率为5.76%;产科疾病发病率最低,平均发病率为2.11%。[结论]营养水平、地理环境、气候、养殖场管理能力均会影响奶牛疾病发病率。

[Objectives]In order to master the clinical common and high-risk diseases of dairy cows in the large-scale dairy farms in XPCC’s City,and develop prevention and control measures for these diseases.[Methods]Epidemiological investigations were conducted through comprehensive methods including consultation on past medical history,on-site clinical research on frequently occurring high-risk diseases,and laboratory testing.The relevant data were recorded in detail and analyzed.[Results]A total of 9541 cows at each stage of growth were investigated.The frequently occurring high-risk diseases in clinic mainly included calf diarrhea,calf bronchopneumonia,hoof disease,mastitis,ketosis,acidosis,obstetric diseases including endometritis,fetal clothing,ovarian diseases,etc.The annual average incidence rate was 7.85%.The incidence rate of calf diarrhea was the highest(19.10%);followed by the hoof disease of adult cows,the average incidence rate was 15.05%;the third was ketosis,with an average incidence rate of 5.76%;the incidence rate of obstetric diseases was the lowest,with an average incidence rate of 2.11%.[Conclusions]Nutritional level,geographical environment,climate,and farm management ability all affect the incidence of dairy cow diseases.