海河平原小麦行距形式变化及其影响因素研究综述

Review of the Changes of Wheat Row Spacing Forms and the Affecting Factors in Haihe Plain

海河平原是我国重要的冬小麦产区。随着生产发展,70多年来冬小麦行距有很大变化。20世纪50年代初期,通过简单农机具改革,使当时普遍在30cm以上的大行距有所缩小。1960年代中期至1970年代,由于适应种植制度变革和增密增产的技术需求,冬小麦种植行距比1960年代前期缩小了1/2左右,但仍存在多种形式。1980年代以后至20世纪末期,冬小麦行距逐渐稳定并规范为平均行距20cm为主的等行距或宽窄行。经过21世纪初期的过渡,从2007年至今,基本以15cm左右的等行距为主流行距。同时依托播种机具改进,对多种行距配置形式的生产效应进行了研究探讨。目前,7.5cm等行距小麦播种机的超窄行距种植技术和小麦立体匀播技术表现出显著的增产作用并逐渐扩大推广,显示了较好的应用前景。

Haihe plain is an important winter wheat production area of China.With the production development,the row space of winter wheat had greatly changed in the past 70 years.In early 1950’s,the prevailing row spaces as wide as more than 30cm were narrowed through simply reforming sowing implements.Adapting to the technical needs of cropping system reform and increasing density and,therefore,increasing yield,the row spaces of winter wheat reduced by about 1/2 during middle 1960’s to 1970’s than those before the first half of 1960’s,but there still existed many row spacing forms.Since 1980’s until the end of 20th century,the row spaces of winter wheat had been gradually stabled and normalized as equal or wide+narrow spaces,with mainly the average of about 20cm.Through several year transition of early 21th century,the current row spacing form has been about equal 15cm since 2007.Meanwhile,the effects of several forms of row spacing on wheat production were also studied depending on the improvement of seeders.At present,the super-narrow row space sowing technology relying on 7.5cm row space seeder,and the tridimensional uniform sowing technology relying on tridimensional uniform seeder,showed a significant effect of yield increase and were widely extended,showing good application prospects.