《世界反兴奋剂条例》“禁止合作”机制之再完善

Further Improvement of“Prohibited Association by an Athlete or Other Person”under World Anti-Doping Code

2015年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》引入了“禁止合作”机制,禁止运动员或其他当事人与某些兴奋剂违规的辅助人员合作。运用规范分析、案例研究等法教义学方法,发现在实践中该机制的适用率极低,而且即使经过2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》的修改,该机制仍然存在诸多不足。通过法律解释学方法以及法社会学方法的研究,得出结论:相关条款应当进行再完善,必须规定“合作”的一般定义;恢复反兴奋剂组织对运动员的告知义务;采取更加公平的方式确定辅助人员被取消资格的期限。

The 2015 implementation version of the World Anti-Doping Code(WADC)introduced a“Prohibited Association”mechanism that prohibits the athletes or other persons from associating with some specific athlete support persons who committed anti-doping rule violations.Normative analysis,case studies,and other legal dogmatic approaches showed that the application of this mechanism was rather low in practice,and that even with the changes to the 2021 implementation version of the WADC,the mechanism still had many weaknesses.A legal hermeneutic and sociological approach revealed that the provisions should be improved by providing a general definition of“association”;restoring the obligation of anti-doping organizations to inform the athletes and adopting a more equitable approach to determining the period of disqualification of the athlete support persons.