2017—2021年眉山市高校学生肺结核流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Meishan City from 2017 to 2021

目的分析2017—2021年眉山市高校学生肺结核病流行特征,优化结核病防控措施。方法收集2017—2021年眉山市高校学生肺结核患者病案信息,用SPSS 200软件进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验及χ^(2)趋势检验,检验水准为α=005。结果2017—2021年累计报告高校学生肺结核患者102例,全人群发病率为069/10万,学校人群发病率为4016/10万,报告发病率呈整体上升趋势;男女比为117∶1,发病主要集中在3—4月和10—11月,东坡区和仁寿县病例数较多,共有68例,占病例总数的6667%;年龄分布中18~22岁年龄段(77例,7549%)发病最多,汉族(90例,8824%)发病最多;教育方面以公立高校(85例,8333%)、高职高专院校(55例,5392%),理工学(51例,50%),大专学历(60例,5882%)最多,因症就诊为主(59例,5784%),就诊延误率和确诊延误率逐年下降。结论近年来,眉山市高校学生肺结核诊疗及报告水平不断提升,就诊和确诊延误现象不断向好,病例分布偏向高职高专院校、理工科、大专学历,应重点关注“9+3”招生院校,加强新生入学筛查及宣传教育,及时就诊,积极配合,防止疫情扩散。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis among college students in Meishan City from 2017 to 2021,and to optimize the prevention and control measures of tuberculosis.Methods The medical records of students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Meishan City from 2017 to 2021 were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.The rates were compared by Chi-square test and Chi-square trend test withα=0.05.Results From 2017 to 2021,a total of 102 cases of tuberculosis in college students were reported,with the incidence rate of 0.69 per 105 in the whole population and 4016 per 105 in the school population.The reported incidence was on the rise.The ratio of male to female was 1.17∶1.The incidence was mainly concentrated in March to April and October to November,There were 68 cases in Dongpo District and Renshou County,accounting for 66.67%of the total number of cases.Incidence among 18 to 22 years old group(77 cases,75.49%)and in Han nationality(90 cases,88.24%)were higher than other groups.In terms of education,public colleges and universities(85 cases,83.33%),vocational colleges and technical colleges(55 cases,53.92%),science and engineering(51 cases,50%),and junior college education(60 cases,58.82%)were the most,and patients were mainly hospitalized due to illness(59 cases,57.84%).The delayed rate of medical treatment and the delayed rate of diagnosis decreased year by year.Conclusions In recent years,the diagnosis,treatment and reporting level of tuberculosis among college students in Meishan City has been continuously improved,the phenomenon of delayed diagnosis and diagnosis has been improving,and the distribution of cases tend to be higher vocational colleges,science and engineering colleges and junior colleges.It is necessary to focus on the“9+3”enrollment colleges,the enrollment screening and publicity and education of new students should be strengthen,timely medical treatment,and actively cooperate to prevent the spread of the epidemic.