2018—2022年成都市一哨点医院流行性感冒监测结果分析

Influenza surveillance in a sentinel hospital in Chengdu City from 2018 to 2022

目的分析成都市一哨点医院流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)监测结果,为成都市流感防控提供依据。方法通过中国流感监测信息系统收集2018—2022年成都市某哨点医院ILI哨点监测数据和病原学检测数据,采用Excel 2007、SPSS 20.0软件进行流感样病例百分比(简写“ILI%”)趋势和病原学结果分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2018—2022年成都市某哨点医院总共报告89848例ILI,ILI%为3.79%。2018—2019每年出现冬春季(12月至次年2月)和夏季(5至7月)两个高峰,2020—2022期间未出现冬春和夏季明显高峰,2022年12月快速上升至15.31%,为2018—2022年最高峰,且均显著高于2018—2022年ILI%平均数3.44%(χ^(2)=13186.70,P<0.001);2018—2021年均以0~<5岁组构成比最高,且构成比均在50%以上,2022年以25~<60岁年龄组构成比大幅度上升且为当年年龄构成比最高(34.24%);2018—2022年度该哨点医院共采集ILI标本5845份,检出流感病毒阳性973份,阳性率16.65%,其中A(H3N2)占36.18%、A(H1N1)占24.67%、B占38.95%。结论2018—2019年成都市ILI流行呈现冬春季和夏季2个流行高峰,2020—2022由于“新冠”防控措施的落实,导致流感发病高峰不明显。2018—2022年以A型毒株、B(Victoria,BV)毒株交替为主要的流行优势毒株,2022年ILI年龄构成较大改变以及2022年12月ILI%快速上升,且与ILI样本流感检测阳性率变化趋势不一致,可能与新型冠状病毒感染流行影响有关。

Objective To analyze the results of influenza-like illness(ILI)surveillance in a sentinel hospital in Chengdu,and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of influenza in Chengdu.Methods We collected ILI sentinel surveillance data and pathogenetic detection data from a sentinel hospital in Chengdu from 2018 to 2022 through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System,and we analyzed the trend of influenza-like illness(abbreviated as“ILI%”)and pathogenetic results by using Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0 softwaes,the difference with P<0.05 was considered a statistically significant.Results A total of 89848 ILI cases were reported in a sentinel hospital in Chengdu from 2018 to 2022,with an ILI%of 3.79%.Two peaks in winter-spring(December to February)and summer(May to July)occurred each year from 2018 to 2019,and two significant peaks in winter-spring and summer did not occur between 2020 and 2021,it was rising rapidly to 15.31%in December 2022,the highest peak in 2018 to 2022,and that were both significantly higher than the average ILI%of 3.44%in 2018 to 2022(χ^(2)=13186.70,P<0.001);The highest composition ratio was in the 0-years-old group in 2018 to 2021,and the composition ratio was above 50%in both years,and the composition ratio in the 25-years-old age group increased significantly in 2022 and it was the highest age composition ratio in that year(34.24%);A total of 5845 ILI specimens were collected in this sentinel hospital in 2018 to 2022,and 973 positive influenza viruses were detected,the positive rate was 16.65%,A(H3N2)was accounted for 36.18%,A(H1N1)was accounted for 24.67%and B was accounted for 38.95%of the total.Conclusions The ILI epidemic in Chengdu from 2018 to 2019 shows two epidemic peaks in winter,spring and summer,and the peak of influenza incidence from 2020 to 2022 is not obvious due to the implementation of the prevention and control measures of“COVID-19”.The large change in the age composition of ILI in 2022 and the rapid increase in ILI%in December 2022,which is not consistent with the trend of positive influenza test rate in ILI samples,may be because it was related to the impact of the“COVID-19”epidemic.