论农业面源污染防治中碳汇制度的构建

On the Construction of System of Carbon Sink in the Prevention and Control of Agricultural Nonpoint SourcePollution

推动减污、降碳协同增效是破除农业面源污染防治瓶颈的着力点。其中,碳汇制度因降碳效果明显而被寄予更多期望。在构建该制度时,宜基于温室气体排放与农业面源污染系统治理和面向农业面源污染防治的多元共治两项原则,从治理客体、治理主体两方面予以统筹,并清晰界定碳汇涵义、明确主体范围、规范权利设定(利益确认)、划定行动边界、设计救济措施。在此基础上,以“农业面源污染防治—固碳”和“农业面源污染防治—碳汇交易”两项子制度为外在呈现,引入自然固碳、技术固碳和碳汇市场等内容,通过制度解构、整合与互补,形成多层级的碳汇制度系统,以期全方位、多角度地提升农业碳减排空间,持续推进农业面源污染防治,促进农业的全面绿色转型。

To promote the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction has become the focus of breaking the bottleneck of prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.The legal system of carbon sink,which is grown in global climate governance,plays an important role in it.When constructing the legal system,it is advisable to conduct overall planning from the governance object and the governance subject based on the two principles of systematic governance of greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural non-point source pollution and the multiple co-governance for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution,and clearly define the meaning of carbon sink,clarify the scope of the subject,standardize the setting of rights(benefit recognition),determine the action boundary and design the relief measures.On this basis,the two sub-systems of“prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution-carbon sequestration”and“prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution-carbon sinktrading”will be adopted,which will form a multi-level carbon sink system through the institutional deconstruction,integration and coordination with introducing the elements of natural carbon sequestration,technological carbon sequestration and carbon sink market,so as to improve the space of agricultural carbon emission reduction in an all-round and multi-angle way,to continue to promote the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution,and to promote the comprehensive green transformation of agriculture.