2011—2021年常熟市学校呼吸道传染病流行病学分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of School Respiratory Tract Infectious Diseases in Changshu from 2011 to 2021

目的:了解常熟市学校呼吸道传染病流行特征,为制定学校呼吸道传染病防控措施和对策提供依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对2011—2021年常熟市学校呼吸道传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果:2011—2021年常熟市学校报告呼吸道传染病8种,共23058例,占全市呼吸道传染病的64.75%(23058/35611),占学校传染病的58.58%(23058/39363)。2011—2021年学校呼吸道传染病年均发病率为1038.24/10万(23058/2220870),与全市呼吸道传染病年均发病率168.50/10万(35611/21133768)相比,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60668.27,P<0.01),历年发病率呈现先波动上升后下降的趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9627.76,P<0.01)。各年累计发病高峰为11月—次年1月(12505例)和次高峰5—6月(3744例)。发病率前5位依次为水痘(19004例)、流行性感冒(2087例)、流行性腮腺炎(1624例)、肺结核(183例)和风疹(77例)。结论:常熟市近年来学校呼吸道传染病报告率总体呈上升趋势,水痘和流行性感冒应为防控重点。

OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological characteristics of school respiratory tract infectious diseases in Changshu,so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures and startegies to prevent and control respiratory tract infec⁃tious diseases in school.METHODS Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the data concerning school respiratory tract infectious diseases in Changshu from 2011 to 2021.RESULTS From 2011 to 2021,8 kinds of respiratory in⁃fectious diseases were reported in schools,with a total of 23058 cases,accounting for 64.75%(23058/35611)of the respiratory in⁃fectious diseases in the city and 58.58%(23058/39363)of the infectious diseases in schools.From 2011 to 2021,the average annu⁃al incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in schools was 1038.24/105(23058/2220870),a statistically significant difference compared with the average annual incidence of respiratory infectious diseases of 168.50/105(35611/21133768),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=60668.27,P<0.01).Over the years,the incidence rate fluctuated first and then decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=9627.76,P<0.01).The cumulative peak of each year was from November to January(12505cases)and the sub-peak from May to June(3744cases).The top five cases were chickenpox(19004cases),influenza(2087cases),mumps(1624cases),tuberculosis(183cases)and rubella(77cases).CONCLUSION In recent years,the reporting rate of respiratory in⁃fectious diseases in schools in Changshu has been on the rise,and chickenpox and influenza should be the focus of prevention and control.