而立之年的命运:驯化理论在中国新闻传播学界的移植、扎根与生长

Thirty years of age: The Transplantation, Rooting and Growth of Domestication Theory in Chinese Journalism and Communication Academics

每个理论均有其特定的生命历程。在新闻传播学界,驯化理论形成“国际新闻驯化”和“媒介技术驯化”两大理论路线,并正在成长为“明星”理论。本文以“生命历程”为经,“理论旅行”为纬,试图呈现正处而立之年的驯化理论在中国的命运。研究发现,驯化理论在中国新闻传播学界经历了移植、扎根和生长阶段。在移植阶段,中国学者挪用驯化理论解释中国新闻事件和媒介发展过程。在扎根阶段,基于理论既有研究纬度的在地研究大量扩展。在生长阶段,中国学者以中国宏观现实和人文关怀调试驯化理论,重新问询理论预设,从时间、空间、性别、权力、技术、生命历程等纬度推动理论创新。但中国新闻传播学术共同体也应警惕驯化理论可能遭遇被“经典化”的困境。

Every theory has its own specific life history. In the field of journalism and communication,domestication theory has formed two major theoretical lines: “domestication of international news” and “domestication of media technology”, and is growing into a “star” theory. This paper takes “life course”as the warp and “traveling theory”as the weft, and tries to present the fate of domestication theory in China. This study finds that domestication theory has gone through the stages of transplantation, rooting and growth in Chinese journalism and communication academics.During the rooting stage, Chinese scholars appropriated domestication theory to explain Chinese news events and media development processes. During the rooting stage, there was a significant expansion of in situ research based on the established research latitude of the theory. In the growth stage, Chinese scholars debug domestication theory with Chinese macro realities and humanistic concerns, re-interrogate theoretical presuppositions, and promote theoretical innovation from the latitudes of time, space, gender, power, technology, and life course. However, Chinese journalism and communication academic community should also be alert to the dilemma that domestication theory may be“canonized”.