凉茶渣和蚯蚓液对湿热条件下肉牛生产性能、行为和血清指标的影响

Effects of Herbal Tea Residue and Earthworm Hydrolysate on Production Performance,Behavior and Blood Indexes of Cattle Under Heat-moisture Condition

【目的】旨在研究凉茶渣、蚯蚓液对湿热条件下肉牛生产性能、行为和血清指标的影响。【方法】选取24头体况相近、健康状况良好的22~24月龄育肥期西杂牛,随机分为3组,分别为对照组(CON组,饲喂基础饲粮),凉茶渣组(HT组,在基础饲粮中添加9.5%凉茶渣)和蚯蚓液组(EF组,在基础饲粮中添加0.37%蚯蚓液)。试验期45 d,预试期3 d,正试期42 d。每天记录牛舍环境温度和湿度,并计算温湿指数。正试期第1天和最后1 d称量肉牛体重,每7 d记录1次采食量,并计算平均日增重(ADG)、平均干物质采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。预试期第1天测定血清皮质醇(Cor)含量,预试期第1~3天记录肉牛呼吸频率(RR);正试期第39~41天连续3 d记录肉牛站立时间、躺卧时间、反刍时间、采食时间和RR。正试期第42天晨饲前采集血样,测定血清生化指标、激素及抗氧化能力指标。【结果】试验期间肉牛处于湿热环境(环境温度19.1~39.9℃,环境湿度31.7%~89.7%)。与CON组相比,①HT和EF组肉牛血清中Cor含量及热休克蛋白70(HSP 70)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),且肉牛RR显著降低(P<0.05);②HT组肉牛ADG显著增加(P<0.05),F/G显著降低(P<0.05),EF组F/G差异不显著(P>0.05);③HT和EF组肉牛采食及站立时间均显著降低(P<0.05),趴卧时间均显著增加(P<0.05);④HT和EF组肉牛血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著升高(P<0.05),HT组肉牛血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】湿热条件下,在肉牛饲粮中添加凉茶渣或蚯蚓液均可缓解由湿热导致的热应激,增加舒适行为表达,其中凉茶渣在提高肉牛生产性能和抗氧化能力方面优于蚯蚓液。

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of herbal tea residue and earthworm hydrolysate on the production performance,behavior and blood indexes of cattle under heat-moisture condition.【Method】24 healthy fattening Simmental crossbred cattle of 22-24 months with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group(CON group,feeding basal diet),herbal tea residue group(HT group,feeding basal diet supplemented with 9.5%herbal tea residue)and earthworm hydrolysate group(EF group,feeding basal diet supplemented with 0.37%earthworm hydrolysate).The trial period was 45 days,pre-feeding period was 3 days,and the feeding period was 42 days.The air temperature and humidity of the cowshed were recorded daily,and the temperature-humidity index was calculated.The cattle were weighed on the first and last day of the feeding period.Feed intake was recorded every 7 days,and average daily gain(ADG),average dry matter intake(ADFI)and feed to gain ratio(F/G)were calculated.Serum cortisol(Cor)concentration was determined on the first day of the pre-feeding period,and respiratory rate(RR)was recorded on the first to third day of the pre-feeding period.The standing time,lying time,rumination time,feeding time and RR of beef cattle were recorded from days 39 to 41 of the feeding period.On the 42nd day of the trial period,blood samples were collected before morning feeding to determine serum biochemical indexes,hormone indexes and antioxidant capacity indexes.【Result】During the trial,the cattle was in a heat-moisture condition,the air temperature was 19.1 to 39.9℃,and the humidity was 31.7%to 89.7%.Compared with CON group,①the concentrations of Cor and heat shock protein 70(HSP 70)in serum of cattle were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and RR of cattle were significantly decreased in HT and EF groups(P<0.05).②ADG of cattle was significantly increased(P<0.05),and F/G was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in HT group.While F/G in EF group had no significant difference(P>0.05).③The time of feeding and standing of cattle were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the time of lying of cattle were significantly increased(P<0.05)in HT and EF groups.④The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum of cattle in HT and EF groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the concentrations of malonaldehyde in HT group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Under heat-moisture condition,the heat stress was effectively relieved,and comfort behavior expression could be improved in cattle fed diets supplemented with herbal tea residue or earthworm hydrolysate.The effects of herbal tea residue was better than earthworm hydrolysate on improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity of cattle.