芦笋茎枯病综合防控技术研究进展

The Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Asparagus Stem Blight:Research Progress

文章介绍了芦笋茎枯病菌的分类地位及其在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂粉培养基上的培养性状,描述了子座、分生孢子器等产孢器的颜色和形态等特征,归纳了病原菌分生孢子的类型及其形状和大小,详细介绍了芦笋茎枯病的田间识别症状以及慢性型和急性型2种类型病斑的出现条件及其具体识别要点。从越冬后初侵染源、越冬分生孢子的释放萌发、病害侵染周期、病害流行规律等方面详细介绍了芦笋茎枯病的发病规律。从清除根盘上病杆、春季推迟留母茎、根盘覆盖新沙等方面简述了有效防控芦笋茎枯病的农业防治措施,壳聚糖诱导芦笋对茎枯病的抗性、生防菌对芦笋茎枯病的防治等方面归纳了目前应用于芦笋茎枯病的主要生物防治措施,从杀菌剂对芦笋茎枯病菌的抑制作用测定、芦笋茎枯病菌对杀菌剂抗药性、杀菌剂防治效果的测定与农药筛选等方面回顾了芦笋茎枯病化学防治方面取得的进展。笔者认为对芦笋茎枯病的防治,应在以减少菌源、切断传播途径等为目的的农业防治措施的基础上,采取以生物防治为主、药剂防治为辅的综合防治模式,以达到人们对绿色食品的需求。

In this paper,the taxonomic status of the asparagus stem blight fungus and its cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar medium plates were introduced.The color and morphology of sporulation apparatus,such as stroma and pycnidium,were described.Shapes and sizes of the two types of conidia from pathogenic fungi were summarized.The symptoms of asparagus stem blight in field,the occurrence conditions of chronic and acute lesion and the key points of identification were introduced in detail.The occurrence of asparagus stem blight was elaborated from the following aspects,i.e.initial infection source after overwintering,release and germination of overwintering conidia,infection period of the disease and epidemic law of the disease.In this paper,the agricultural control measures on asparagus stem blight were summarized from the aspects of removing the diseased stems from the root disks,delaying the retention of the mother stems in spring,and covering the root disks with sand.The main biological control measures of asparagus stem blight were summarized from the aspects of chitosan-induced resistance to stem blight and biocontrol bacteria to stem blight of asparagus.The progress in chemical control of asparagus stem blight was reviewed from the aspects of fungicide inhibition,fungicide resistance,fungicide control effect and pesticide screening.It was suggested that the control of asparagus stem blight should be based on the agricultural control measures aiming at reducing the source of pathogenic fungi and cutting off the route of transmission,and the integrated control mode should be mainly based on biological control and supplemented by chemical control,to meet people’s demand for green food.